Using cognitive modeling and electrophysiological recordings, we discovered that participants were more likely to reject high-cost donations made with money earned through effort. We observed stronger neural responses in effort conditions compared to no-effort conditions, and reward-sensitive neural responses correlated with less generous donations after effort expenditure.

Speech motor control thickness measures were generally not correlated with cognitive performance and showed stronger age associations than hippocampal volume during early adulthood. Thinning of specific speech motor regions precedes reduction in hippocampal volume during early adulthood, and may serve as a target and early indicator of AD-related neurodegeneration.

We revealed that empathy toward individuals with physical disabilities engages distinct neural mechanisms involving both affective and cognitive empathy, as shown by fMRI and MVPA. In particular, the dorsal MPFC plays a key role in processing empathy for individuals facing challenges, while the anterior insula is linked to positive feelings elicited by observed behavior.

A comprehensive meta-analysis on neuroimaging studies of risk seeking and risk aversion was conducted. Risk seeking and risk aversion involve distinct neural activity. Risk seeking is primarily driven by reward. Risk aversion is largely governed by cognitive control systems. Reward network and cognitive network dynamically regulate decision models.

We enhanced the robustness of a CNN-based model for brain age prediction by addressing a key challenge in medical imaging: limited training data often hinders generalization. To overcome this, we refined the MRI preprocessing pipeline and incorporated additional data augmentation and regularization techniques during training. The results showed up to a 47% improvement in brain age prediction accuracy for previously unseen images, a 13% reduction in scan-rescan error, and increased model robustness against registration errors through a specialized regularization approach. This approach involved freezing the initial layers of the network and introducing spatial dropout to the second-to-last convolutional layer halfway through training.

Overview of our approach for extreme value statistics. First, we fit a normative model to imaging phenotypes, before employing a ‘peaks-over-threshold’ approach widely used in meteorology and finance. This allows us to model tail dependencies and provides a multivariate measure of extremely dependence through a tail pairwise dependency matrix (TPDM).

Our study provides the first evidence of EEG changes in asymptomatic C9orf72 repeat expansion carriers. Despite no clinical signs, these individuals exhibit altered activity in parietal regions associated with motor response control.

Neonatal protein intake affects dorsal stream function in 7-year-old children born very preterm. Increased protein intake is associated with a larger V5 BOLD response and better motion coherence thresholds.

We propose cold gelled-water paradigm as the closest in-scanner alternative to the cold pressor task for healthy individuals. Using ICA, seed-based connectivity and spDCM, we reveal descending pain control engagement, PAG-cortical functional disengagement and dynamic connectivity changes, offering new insights into the neural mechanisms of tonic cold pain.

We examined white matter pathways within the infant language network in order to assess the development of structural language lateralization. We find that white matter pathways that support language functions—and are typically left-lateralized in adults—are bilaterally symmetric in infants from birth to 24 months.