Can photobiomodulation restore anosmia and ageusia induced by COVID-19? A pilot clinical study
Vitor Hugo Panhoca
Institute of Physics of Sao Carlos, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
Development and Training Center for Post-Covid-19 Patient Rehabilitation Technologies and Procedures (CITESC-INOVA), Sao Carlos, Brazil
Search for more papers by this authorLaís Tatiane Ferreira
Institute of Physics of Sao Carlos, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
Development and Training Center for Post-Covid-19 Patient Rehabilitation Technologies and Procedures (CITESC-INOVA), Sao Carlos, Brazil
Central Paulista University Center-UNICEP, Sao Carlos, Brazil
Search for more papers by this authorViviane Brocca de Souza
Institute of Physics of Sao Carlos, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
Development and Training Center for Post-Covid-19 Patient Rehabilitation Technologies and Procedures (CITESC-INOVA), Sao Carlos, Brazil
Central Paulista University Center-UNICEP, Sao Carlos, Brazil
Search for more papers by this authorSimone Aparecida Ferreira
Institute of Physics of Sao Carlos, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
Development and Training Center for Post-Covid-19 Patient Rehabilitation Technologies and Procedures (CITESC-INOVA), Sao Carlos, Brazil
Central Paulista University Center-UNICEP, Sao Carlos, Brazil
Search for more papers by this authorGabriely Simão
Institute of Physics of Sao Carlos, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
Development and Training Center for Post-Covid-19 Patient Rehabilitation Technologies and Procedures (CITESC-INOVA), Sao Carlos, Brazil
Central Paulista University Center-UNICEP, Sao Carlos, Brazil
Search for more papers by this authorAntonio Eduardo de Aquino Junior
Institute of Physics of Sao Carlos, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
Development and Training Center for Post-Covid-19 Patient Rehabilitation Technologies and Procedures (CITESC-INOVA), Sao Carlos, Brazil
Search for more papers by this authorVanderlei Salvador Bagnato
Institute of Physics of Sao Carlos, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Reem Hanna
Department of Oral Surgery, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, SE5 9RS UK
Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 6, 16132 Genoa, Italy
Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, UCL-Eastman Dental Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rockefeller Building, London, WC1E 6DE UK
Correspondence
Reem Hanna, Department of Oral Surgery, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, SE5 9RS, UK; Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy; Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, UCL-Eastman Dental Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rockefeller Building, London, WC1E 6DE, UK.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorVitor Hugo Panhoca
Institute of Physics of Sao Carlos, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
Development and Training Center for Post-Covid-19 Patient Rehabilitation Technologies and Procedures (CITESC-INOVA), Sao Carlos, Brazil
Search for more papers by this authorLaís Tatiane Ferreira
Institute of Physics of Sao Carlos, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
Development and Training Center for Post-Covid-19 Patient Rehabilitation Technologies and Procedures (CITESC-INOVA), Sao Carlos, Brazil
Central Paulista University Center-UNICEP, Sao Carlos, Brazil
Search for more papers by this authorViviane Brocca de Souza
Institute of Physics of Sao Carlos, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
Development and Training Center for Post-Covid-19 Patient Rehabilitation Technologies and Procedures (CITESC-INOVA), Sao Carlos, Brazil
Central Paulista University Center-UNICEP, Sao Carlos, Brazil
Search for more papers by this authorSimone Aparecida Ferreira
Institute of Physics of Sao Carlos, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
Development and Training Center for Post-Covid-19 Patient Rehabilitation Technologies and Procedures (CITESC-INOVA), Sao Carlos, Brazil
Central Paulista University Center-UNICEP, Sao Carlos, Brazil
Search for more papers by this authorGabriely Simão
Institute of Physics of Sao Carlos, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
Development and Training Center for Post-Covid-19 Patient Rehabilitation Technologies and Procedures (CITESC-INOVA), Sao Carlos, Brazil
Central Paulista University Center-UNICEP, Sao Carlos, Brazil
Search for more papers by this authorAntonio Eduardo de Aquino Junior
Institute of Physics of Sao Carlos, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
Development and Training Center for Post-Covid-19 Patient Rehabilitation Technologies and Procedures (CITESC-INOVA), Sao Carlos, Brazil
Search for more papers by this authorVanderlei Salvador Bagnato
Institute of Physics of Sao Carlos, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Reem Hanna
Department of Oral Surgery, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, SE5 9RS UK
Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 6, 16132 Genoa, Italy
Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, UCL-Eastman Dental Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rockefeller Building, London, WC1E 6DE UK
Correspondence
Reem Hanna, Department of Oral Surgery, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, SE5 9RS, UK; Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 6, 16132, Genoa, Italy; Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, UCL-Eastman Dental Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Rockefeller Building, London, WC1E 6DE, UK.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorVitor Hugo Panhoca and Reem Hanna contributed equally to the work.
Abstract
Along with other COVID-19 clinical manifestations, management of both olfactory and gustatory dysfunction have drawn a considerable attention. Photobiomodulation (PBM) has emerged to be a possible effective therapy in restoring taste and smell functionality, but the evidence is scarce. Hence, the present pilot study is aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of intranasal and intraoral PBM administrations in management of anosmia and ageusia respectively. Twenty Caucasian subjects who diagnosed with anosmia and ageusia were recruited. Visual analogue scale was utilised to evaluate patients’ self-reported for both olfactory and gustatory functionality. The laser-PBM parameters and treatment protocols for anosmia and ageusia were as follows respectively: 660 nm, 100 mW, two points intranasally, 60 J/session, 12 sessions; dual wavelengths (660 nm and 808 nm), 100 mW, three points intraorally, 216 J/session, 12 sessions. Our results showed a significant functionality improvement of both olfactory and gustatory functionality. Extensive studies with large data and long-term follow-up period are warranted.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Open Research
DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT
All the data are available in the text.
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