Endomicroscopic optical coherence tomography for cellular resolution imaging of gastrointestinal tracts
Yuemei Luo
School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
Search for more papers by this authorDongyao Cui
School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
Search for more papers by this authorXiaojun Yu
School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
Search for more papers by this authorEn Bo
School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
Search for more papers by this authorXianghong Wang
School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
Search for more papers by this authorNanshuo Wang
School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
Search for more papers by this authorCilwyn S. Braganza
School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
Search for more papers by this authorShufen Chen
School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
Search for more papers by this authorXinyu Liu
School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
Search for more papers by this authorQiaozhou Xiong
School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
Search for more papers by this authorSi Chen
School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
Search for more papers by this authorShi Chen
School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Linbo Liu
School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
Correspondence
Linbo Liu, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave., Singapore 639798, Singapore. Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorYuemei Luo
School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
Search for more papers by this authorDongyao Cui
School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
Search for more papers by this authorXiaojun Yu
School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
Search for more papers by this authorEn Bo
School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
Search for more papers by this authorXianghong Wang
School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
Search for more papers by this authorNanshuo Wang
School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
Search for more papers by this authorCilwyn S. Braganza
School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
Search for more papers by this authorShufen Chen
School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
Search for more papers by this authorXinyu Liu
School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
Search for more papers by this authorQiaozhou Xiong
School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
Search for more papers by this authorSi Chen
School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
Search for more papers by this authorShi Chen
School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Linbo Liu
School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
Correspondence
Linbo Liu, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave., Singapore 639798, Singapore. Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
Our ability to detect neoplastic changes in gastrointestinal (GI) tracts is limited by the lack of an endomicroscopic imaging tool that provides cellular-level structural details of GI mucosa over a large tissue area. In this article, we report a fiber-optic-based micro-optical coherence tomography (μOCT) system and demonstrate its capability to acquire cellular-level details of GI tissue through circumferential scanning. The system achieves an axial resolution of 2.48 μm in air and a transverse resolution of 4.8 μm with a depth-of-focus (DOF) of ~150 μm. To mitigate the issue of limited DOF, we used a rigid sheath to maintain a circular lumen and center the distal-end optics. The sensitivity is tested to be 98.8 dB with an illumination power of 15.6 mW on the sample. With fresh swine colon tissues imaged ex vivo, detailed structures such as crypt lumens and goblet cells can be clearly resolved, demonstrating that this fiber-optic μOCT system is capable of visualizing cellular-level morphological features. We also demonstrate that time-lapsed frame averaging and imaging speckle reduction are essential for clearly visualizing cellular-level details. Further development of a clinically viable μOCT endomicroscope is likely to improve the diagnostic outcome of GI cancers.
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