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ISSUE INFORMATION
ORIGINAL ARTICLES
Bioinformatics analysis of the wheel treadmill test on motor function recovery after spinal cord injury
- Pages: 265-277
- First Published: Winter 2021

The Basso–Beattie–Bresnahan scores in the control and wheel treadmill (WTM) groups increased with time, with the WTM group scoring higher than the control group. The WTM test promoted motor function recovery of spinal cord injury (SCI) rats by regulating the expression of Tyrobp, Rac2, Cd68, Aif1, and other genes. Treatment with the WTM test promotes recovery of motor function after SCI in rats by modulating intercellular communication and immune function.
Effects of modified multimodal analgesia on postoperative pain, sedation, and prognosis of gynecological patients
- Pages: 278-287
- First Published: Winter 2021
Study on the effect of sevoflurane on the cognitive function of aged rats based on the activation of cortical microglia
- Pages: 288-297
- First Published: Winter 2021

After sevoflurane intervention, microglia in the prefrontal cortex of aging model rats were activated. M1 microglia secrete and release interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α to promote the occurrence of inflammatory response. However, the release of arginase-1 by protective M2 microglia was significantly inhibited.
REVIEWS
Breakthroughs on the clinical management of headache and questions that need to be solved
- Pages: 298-308
- First Published: Winter 2021

Studies on headaches had flourished over the past 5 years, tons of advances had been made. In the treatment of headaches, the approval of the Lasmiditan brought a second spring of the traditional 5-HT agonists' drugs. Also, the efficacy of novel treatments like CGRP drugs and BTA has been proved by multiple RCTs, so did the nonpharmacological treatment. For the mechanism of the headache, besides the agreed-upon trigeminovascular pathways, recent studies revealed that the K-ATP channel and five types of miRNAs may play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of headaches. Moreover, hypoxia and the level of glutamate have been certified to be the triggers of headaches. Nevertheless, our understandings of the mechanism of headache are still incomplete. In this review, we summarized studies on headaches in the past 5 years to help researchers get to the newest progress in the field of headaches.
Effects of norepinephrine on microglial neuroinflammation and neuropathic pain
- Pages: 309-317
- First Published: Winter 2021

- 1.
Abnormally activated microglia release inflammatory mediators and cause neuroinflammation.
- 2.
Persistent neuroinflammation may cause anxiety/depression.
- 3.
Neuropathic pain and neuroinflammation affect each other to form a vicious circle.
- 4.
Norepinephrine released from the locus coeruleus inhibits abnormal microglial activation and relieves chronic pain.
VPS35, the core component of the retromer complex, and Parkinson's disease
- Pages: 318-324
- First Published: Winter 2021

VPS35 is the core component of the retromer complex; it may play a role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) by affecting autophagy, mitochondria, neurosynaptic transmission, dopamine signaling pathways, and so forth, and it can interact with other disease-causing genes (PARKIN, LRRK2) of familial PD.
Application and progress of three-dimensional bioprinting in spinal cord injury
- Pages: 325-336
- First Published: Winter 2021
Application value and challenge of traditional Chinese medicine carried by ZIF-8 in the therapy of ischemic stroke
- Pages: 337-350
- First Published: Winter 2021

Research progress of the application of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), TCM nanopreparation, and zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) nano-drug delivery system in the treatment of ischemic stroke were reviewed in this article to explore the clinical application value and future challenges of ZIF-8 as a nano-drug delivery system in the treatment of nerve injury after ischemic stroke.
Update on neurological symptoms in patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2
- Pages: 351-361
- First Published: Winter 2021
Advances in clinical basic research: Performance, treatments, and mechanisms of Parkinson disease
- Pages: 362-378
- First Published: Winter 2021