Methamphetamine did not induce rewarding effects in weaver mutant mice that possess a mutation in the GIRK2 subunit. The posterior nucleus accumbens shell exhibited a significant difference in neuronal activity between wild-type and weaver mutant mice.

The onset of cannabis dependence was related to long-term cannabis use and the use of cannabis products with a high THC content. However, chronic psychosis was not associated with total THC intake or psychiatric vulnerability.

The positive predictive value and sensitivity of self-reporting are insufficient in total population and females, and therefore self-reporting cannot detect depressed patients, but regarding its average positive predictive value, perhaps, it can be used to identify nondepressant individuals.

Our previous studies showed that exposure to acute restraint stress enhanced cocaine-induced conditioned place preference (cocaine-CPP). The present study revealed that noradrenaline enhanced the excitatory effects of dopamine on medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) pyramidal neurons in rats. Noradrenaline released by restraint stress exposure may cooperate with dopamine to stimulate dopamine-responsive neurons in the mPFC, thereby causing the stress-induced enhancement of cocaine-CPP.

Buprenorphine functions as a weak dopamine releaser relative to heroin but its pretreatment occludes the dopamine-releasing effects of heroin. These data may help explain why buprenorphine poses minimal risk for abuse yet functions as an effective substitution therapy for opioid dependence.

There is limited available information regarding predictors associated with repetitive admission of patients with BPD. This study aimed to evaluate predictors associated with readmission of inpatients with BPD. 1. Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that the use of antipsychotics equivalent to >400 mg of chlorpromazine at discharge was associated with readmission within 1 year. 2. High-dose antipsychotic drug use at discharge may be a risk factor for readmissions.

The visual stimulus of moving gratings could be distinguished from still gratings by mice, and moving gratings were related to footshock. The defect obtained here by low-frequency grating in MDGA1 deficient mice might reflect that the coarse gratings are less detectable in visual perceptions of the schizophrenic brain.

We present a case in which the combination therapy of ramelteon and suvorexant was effective for a patient with autism spectrum disorder with non-24-hour sleep-wake disorder (N24SWD) owing to social withdrawal. Here, we discussed the pharmacological mechanism of the combination of ramelteon and suvorexant as a possible therapeutic strategy for patients with N24SWD.

The eosinophil count increased reaching 6750 cells/mm³ with bronchitis and hepatitis during clozapine treatment. The leukocyte and neutrophil counts gradually decreased to below than the normal range by day 40 after discontinuation of lithium.

Individuals who are exposed to bio-disaster might encounter increased suicide risk. Investigation of infectious disease-related risk factors would facilitate suicide prevention. Early detection and timely intervention can be key and effective way to reduce suicide cases.

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is highly comorbid with neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and learning disorder, and underlying mechanisms have not been well clarified. We herein showed that forskolin, an AC activator, rapidly enhances neuron-like morphological change of directly induced-neuronal (iN) cells from NF1 patients. The present pilot data using the direct conversion technology indicate that forskolin or AC activators may have therapeutic effects on the growth of neuronal cells in NF1 patients.

(R)-ketamine, but not (S)-ketamine, ameliorated decreased bone mineral density in ovariectomized mice. Therefore, (R)-ketamine would be a novel therapeutic drug for women with osteoporosis.

The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale—Third Edition (WAIS-III) and Wechsler Memory Scale—Revised (WMS-R) of 30 adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were examined. The verbal intelligence quotient was significantly higher than the performance intelligence quotient in the WAIS-III and the performance intelligence quotient was significantly correlated with the visual memory and attention scores of the WMS-R. Adults with ADHD have comparatively high verbal comprehension and social knowledge, while their information processing ability and visual-motor coordination are relatively weak.

The sEH inhibitor TPPU did not increase CPP score in mice. The sEH inhibitors might not produce rewarding effects in humans.

The efficacy of three SGAs was similar. The safety profile was different in three SGAs.

Epigenetic research in the non-human primates, such as crab-eating macaque, will be important to understand the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders. Among the methylation array probes for human genome, the probes that can reliably measure DNA methylation levels of the crab-eating macaque are reported.