A cross-sectional, observational and pro-elective study, to determine the diagnostic yield of the questionnaire and the brief smell test as scrutiny instruments for COVID-19.

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Endoscopic reconstruction of skull base defects has rapidly advanced since the introduction of the nasoseptal flap in 2006. Here, we review current techniques of vascular pedicled flap reconstruction of skull base defects, their indications and success rates, and novel techniques currently under investigation.

Vomerian bone onlay grafts are a reconstructive option for saddle nose deformity and nasal dorsum defects. While septal cartilage is commonly used, and ethmoidal bone has been previously described as an option for composite graft reconstruction, vomer bone onlay grafting has not been well described in the literature. The aesthetic outcomes following nasal dorsum reconstruction using onlay grafts are favorable, but long-term outcomes of these grafts require further study.

Periods and categories of PTH. Among the 71 patients, eight had primary hemorrhage, and 63 had secondary hemorrhage. There were two peaks of frequency on postoperative days 0 and 6.

The role of vitamin D in head and neck cancer remains an understudied subject of research. Herein we discuss the available literature examining vitamin D in head and neck cancer, as well as outstanding questions in the field.

This study explored the association of migraine and risk of ISSNHL in a meta-analysis of population-based cohort studies.

Laryngeal fractures are a rare, but serious injury that may be sustained by ice hockey players. Here, we describe the presentation, treatment, and recommendations for return to ice of professional hockey players who have sustained significant laryngeal fractures.

This study investigates the longitudinal use of the Swedish MD Anderson Dysphagia Inventory (MDADI) in patients treated for oral cancer. The study concludes that the Swedish MDADI is found to be sensitive to change, and with convergent validity.

The present study evaluates the success rate of eutachian tube occlusion in subtotal petrosectomy using two different occlusion materials. Additionally, it explores whether there is an anatomic topographic predisposition for insufficient eustachian tube occlusion with the intention to weigh benefit against potential risk of this surgical step.

The aim of this review article is to evaluate the scope and findings of existing literature on the relationship between cannabis and cannabinoid pathways and tinnitus. While animal studies have revealed that cannabinoid receptors likely have a role in modulating auditory signaling, there is no compelling data either from animal or human studies for the use of cannabinoids to alleviate tinnitus.

The effects of cochlear implants on the vocal and speech production have not been well studied. Using pitch-shifted auditory feedback during vocal production, we show that cochlear implant subjects are capable of real-time feedback-dependent vocal control, but exhibit higher variability and thresholds than expected for normal hearing individuals.

This article describes the clinical outcomes of post-radiated deafened adults receiving cochlear implant in comparison to non-radiated patients. Clinical outcomes of the study group is similar or superior to the control group in speech perception.

In patients with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis, contrast-enhanced, 3D-MRI with a gradient-echo sequence showed intense enhancement in the tympanic and mastoid segments of the fallopian canal (C), which was associated with development of external otitis, otitis media, and sensorineural hearing loss, and was unrelated to the presence of facial paresis. The enhancement was attenuated in remission (D). The method can be a potential marker to demonstrate vasculitis status in the temporal bone.

Enormous variability in speech recognition outcomes persists in adults who receive cochlear implants (CIs), which leads to a barrier to progress in predicting outcomes before surgery, explaining “poor” outcomes, and determining how to provide tailored rehabilitation therapy for individual CI users. The primary goal of my research program over the past nine years has been to extend our understanding of the contributions of “top-down” cognitive-linguistic skills to CI outcomes in adults, acknowledging that “bottom-up” sensory processes also contribute substantially. The main objective of this invited narrative review is to provide an overview of this work, and a secondary objective is to provide career “guidance points” to budding surgeon-scientists in Otolaryngology.

Otological dysfunction in patients with the novel SARS-CoV-2.There is early evidence to indicate that there is spread of the novel virus into the middle ear and related neural structures resulting in hearing damage. It is of utmost importance to appreciate the rare presentations of SARS-CoV-2 in ENT patients not only to facilitate the diagnosis of COVID-19 but also to help protect and decrease the exposure of the ENT surgeon.

The objective of this review was to estimate the overall and subgroup prevalence of otitis media with effusion (OME) in Africa, and identify setting-specific predictors in children and adults. Overall, 38 studies were included, with 27 in meta-analysis (40,331 participants). The overall prevalence was 6%, we recommend health care providers to consider age, presence of cleft palate, adenoid hypertrophy and allergic rhinitis when assessing OME in children and deciding on a management plan.

Autoimmune inner ear disease is an uncommon inner ear disorder characterized by progressive and often fluctuating sensorineural hearing loss. Currently, there are no consensus treatment recommendations for management of AIED. In this systematic review, we review published treatment paradigms, and create a novel treatment protocol based on existing evidence.

NPO violations occurred most commonly among otolaryngology patients when compared to other surgical services. Most children committing NPO violations were between 0 and 6 years of age. A disproportionate number of children from Spanish speaking homes, and who had Medicaid insurance, had NPO violations suggestive of a gap in communication to these patients. Means to bridge these gaps are needed to improve satisfaction and efficiency of the operative experience for all involved.

Obstructive sleep apnoea is characterized by repetitive obstruction of the upper airway during sleep. Airway collapse is usually multilevel and hypopharyngeal collapse is a challenging area to address. It is hypothesized that hyoid expansion with hyomandibular suspension can potentially increase upper airway dimensions at the hypopharynx. This study aims to document the effect of hyoid expansion using titanium plate and screws with hyomandibular suspension on hypopharyngeal airway dimensions using human cadaver heads.

This study found that the level of compliance to consensus guidelines on preoperative imaging in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism in routine daily practice was suboptimal (69% adherence). Patients in whom adherence was achieved showed a shorter duration of hospitalization, and if imaging upscaling was performed aiming for positive concordance of anatomical and functional localization, adherence was associated with the performance of a minimally invasive parathyroidectomy. Based on these results, we suggest more education of physicians is required regarding the appropriate preoperative imaging workup in primary hyperparathyroidism leading ultimately to an increased appropriate adherence to consensus guidelines.

A retrospective review of 166 patients who had thyroid nodules suspicious for Hurthle cell neoplasm on FNA and underwent hemi- or complete thyroidectomy found that 15.1% of patients had thyroid malignancy. Subgroup analysis suggested that older males and larger nodules are associated with malignancy. TI-RADS grading was not found to predict malignancy in this cohort.

A rise in thyroid cancer detection was observed in Southwestern Greece the decade 2007-2016, concerning mainly small and low-risk papillary tumours. The increasing use of FNA in the triage of thyroid nodules is the main cause for this rise.