Gentamicin is the most important and commonly used aminoglycoside used in equine practice, although commonly used for conditions outside its marketing authorisation. Amikacin is the aminoglycoside most commonly used by the intra-articular or regional route. Dosing of aminoglycosides used in clinical practice could be enhanced through wider use of therapeutic drug monitoring.

Three highly hazardous pesticides (coumaphos, dichlorvos and methomyl) and 10 active ingredients (abamectin, amitraz, chlorpyrifos-methyl, cypermethrin, cyromazine, fipronil, fluvalinate, muscamone, pyriproxyfen and trichlorfon) deviated from the stated concentrations. Thus, management plans should be established to distribute compliant veterinary drugs by post-distribution quality control, such as planning inspection.

A 20-year-old grey Warmblood gelding was referred for evaluation of a large, rapidly growing, thoracic mass. Histopathology of the distant thoracic mass confirmed the diagnosis of malignant metastatic melanoma. Surgical excision of the metastatic melanoma was performed and considered successful, with no gross evidence of tumour reoccurrence.This report proposes surgical excision as a treatment option for distant malignant metastatic melanocytic masses in skeletal muscle.

This first positive Surra case in Siam B mare in Kelantan, Malaysia, that is bordering Thailand confirms the increasing concern of transboundary infections. Thin blood smear and examination revealed the presence of Trypanosoma sp., and it was confirmed as T. evansi through molecular identification. Histopathology revealed that the horse developed a neurological form of the disease, besides the detection of the protozoa in heart, spleen and kidney tissue.

In the epidemiology of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in Great Britain, a minority of ‘superspreader farms’ might make disproportionate contributions to the maintenance and spread of infection. A minority of farms act as trading hubs that greatly augment connections in trading networks, herd infectiousness might be increased by the presence of supershedding individuals, and herd infectiousness might be prolonged due to undetected infections or repeated local transmission, via wildlife or fomites. Targeting control methods on putative superspreader farms might yield disproportionate benefits in controlling endemic bovine tuberculosis in Great Britain.

Animals coronaviruses cause mild to severe infections among farm animals, with high economic and public health impacts for some of them. Increasing demand in animal meat, animal trade and mixing different animal species together foster coronaviruses cross-species transmission and expose human to new coronaviruses.

A retrospective study on brucellosis in South Africa.

We developed a rapid and simple method for purifying tachyzoites and bradyzoites with optimal yield and purity. The new proposed method has the following advantages: (1) zoites can be obtained quickly and easily; (2) the technique can be performed in low resource settings and capable of handling larger numbers of cells and tissues; (3) zoites obtained in this way are free of cellular debris; and (4) the viability and infectivity of tachyzoites, and bradyzoites are maintained. A more detailed study is required to explore the effect of trypsin on surface antigens of parasites.

Wild Phlebotomus papatasi salivary glands proteomes, which provoke host immune system, were compared and evaluated. The protein concentration of whole-salivary glands of specimens was determined for measuring control strategy of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis

This study investigated supplementation of two different omega-3 fatty acid sources i.e. plant (flaxseed oil, FSO) versus marine (astaxanthin krill oil, AKO) to compare the effects of short- versus long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on the Omega-3 Index in dogs. The results suggest that preformed marine EPA and DHA sources are needed in dog feeds, as the dietary requirements are not met with conversion from equal dosage of the short-chain omega-3 PUFA precursor, ALA from flaxseed oil.

The first case of cutaneous myiasis by Calliphora vicina (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in a domestic cat Felis silvestris catus (Carnivora: Felidae) in Italy was reported. An unusual case of cutaneous myiasis in a domestic dog Canis lupus familiaris (Carnivora: Canidae) caused by Lucilia sericata (Diptera: Calliphoridae) was also reported. The predisposing conditions and risk factors of the cutaneous myiasis in cats and dogs were also discussed.

Gastrointestinal (GI) toxicosis is a common side effect of cytotoxic chemotherapy treatment in humans and dogs. This study investigated the clinical utility of plasma cytokeratin 18 and fecal alpha-1 antitrypsin as non-invasive biomarkers of GI epithelial cell damage. In this study population, plasma CK18 and fecal A1-AT concentration were not clinically useful biomarkers for the detection of GI toxicosis secondary to carboplatin administration.

The sequential haematobiochemical changes in a Bangladeshi PPR virus strain was studied in Black Bengal goats upon experimental infection. The PPRV RNA was detected in different tissues of the infected goats. Infected goats showed high fever, nasal discharges, stomatitis and diarrhoea at 9–13 dpi. Leukopenia, hypoproteinemia, elevated serum enzymes and metabolites and electrolyte imbalance were found in the infected goats. The findings would guide in preparing appropriate supportive therapy against PPRV infection.

The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of tree lucerne dried leaves and to determine the optimum level of substituting for concentrate mixtures (CM) on feed intake, nutrient digestibility, body weight change, carcass characteristics and economic benefits of using Washera sheep fed on desho grass hay as a basal diet.

Fetal ultrasound in sheep is an examination that can help identify fetal viability by analysing cardiac dimensions in sheep. There are limitations of the technique to the field. The method may contribute to the reduction in losses during pregnancy.

24 weaning pigs were exposed to hydrogen sulfide (0, 5, 10 and 15 mg/m3) in 4 controlled environmental chambers for 28 days.The results showed that exposure to gaseous hydrogen sulfide damaged the growth performance and resulted the microbial bacteria imbalance.The concentration of hydrogen sulfide should fall below 5 mg/m3.

This study details success conditions of an antimicrobial stewardship program in animal agriculture. Based on data provided by complementary and independent monitoring tools, success could be assessed on both usage and resistance. Results highlight the strong relationship between cephalosporins usage and resistance in pig production, supporting a containment perspective through usage restriction.

Intramuscular injection of gamithromycin 15% w/v in swine at 6 mg/kg is characterized by rapid absorption and distribution to tissues. Clinical evaluation in an European field study incorporating 305 swine has shown safe and efficacious treatment for swine with bacterial respiratory disease.

The global population is expected to rise dramatically over the next few decades. This means that the demand for meat, including pig derived products will also increase, and that a more sustainable way to produce such products is necessary. The establishment of production scale pig embryo in vitro production (IVP) could be one answer to this problem, however some challenges still exist, one of which is that pig IVP requires the consistent isolation of large numbers of high-quality oocytes. Here, ways of maximising both the yield and the developmental potential of oocytes from abattoir derived ovaries has been investigated.

Effects of dietary replacement of maize with various levels of raw and processed oak fruit on productive performance of laying hens and egg quality traits were investigated. Diet inclusion of 10% boiled oak as a substitute of corn could have a positive effect on performance of laying hens.

This experiment was conducted to evaluate effects of various levels of sweet almond meal (SAM) as source of protein in broiler nutrition with different levels of SAM (0, 7%, 14%, 21% and 28% of diet). The results of this study show that a diet supplemented with SAM at the level of 14%, due to the improved FCR and decreased blood cholesterol and LDL concentration, can be a good replacement for soybean meal in broiler chicken's nutrition.

White adipose tissue (WAT) browning has been considered as one of the promising approaches in obesity treatment. In WAT browning process, the characteristics of WAT are transformed into brown-like adipose tissue (known as beige adipose tissue) via stimulation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptors γ (PPARγ) pathway. Interestingly, Indonesian society has been using nutmeg which may mimic browning effect via inducing macroscopic and microscopic morphological changes of iWAT, marked by significant increase of adipocyte number and decrease of adipocyte size. in addition, The increases in UCP1 and PGC-1α along with histological changes reveal that NuSE may potentially alter the characteristic of iWAT that lead to browning process and contribute to obesity treatment.

1. The potential use of flaxseed oil as the natural source for hormone replacement therapy on the ovariectomized rat model was investigated.
2. The antioxidant properties and biochemical parameters including alkaline phosphatase, calcium, estrogen, and progesterone levels were determined in ovariectomy rats.

Bearded dragons are common exotic pets which shed Salmonella spp. regularly. This study was performed to gain knowledge how Salmonella specific phages affect the shedding and colonization off this zoonotic bacteria.

Captive Sunda pangolins are prone to vitamin A deficiency. Typical eye signs include lacrimal eyes, keratopathy and a blank, milky orb. Vitamin A-deficient pangolins were treated with vitamin A and D dietary supplements, leading to full recovery.

A one-year-old, castrated, male domestic short-haired cat with pruritic, multifocal, crusted ulceration of the skin over the dorsal aspect of the neck and scapulae was presented.

CD44v8-10 contributes H2O2- and radio-resistance of canine breast tumour cells by promoting the production of GSH. A. The expression of CD44s or CD44v8-10 molecules of these transfectants. B. The H2O2-resistance of these transfectants. C. The cellular GSH content of CD44 transfectants. D. The radio-resistance of CD44 transfectants.

The present prospective randomized experimental study was designed to determine the effects of doxapram on hematological, serum biochemical and antioxidant status in dogs after propofol anesthesia. Twenty four healthy male mixed breed dogs were studied. Doxapram (2 mg kg-1) IV did not induce any major negative effects on hematological, serum biochemical variables and oxidant/antioxidant status in dogs after propofol anaesthesia.

This report describes a case of hepatic portal venous gas (HPVG) in a feline visualized initially on ultrasound and ultimately confirmed with CT, which is considered the gold-standard for identification in humans. HPVG is associated with a variety of underlying disease processes, some of which require emergent aggressive intervention and may result in significant mortality. Reports of HPVG in veterinary medicine are sparse.

In this study, we investigated the presence of anti-SFTSV antibodies in a total of 521 serum samples from nine wild animal species collected from 11 prefectures in central and eastern Japan between 1980 and 2000. All samples yielded negative results for antibodies to SFTSV, suggesting that there had been few or no SFTSV infections before 2000 in the sampled areas.