• This is the first study that evaluates the role of serum phosphate at baseline for predicting the mortality of acute pancreatitis (AP) in intensive care unit (ICU).

• This study found that serum phosphate is a useful laboratory marker for predicting the mortality of AP independently of other known factors.

• This study found that serum phosphate value greater than 3.78 mg/dl within the first 24 h after admission in the ICU could predict mortality (area under curve = 0.7, p < 0.001, sensitivity 58%; specificity 77%).

Summarize the established knowledge on this subject

• With increasing use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy, the incidences of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) are declining.

• The increasing use of antiplatelets and anticoagulants, however, increases the risk of both UGIB and lower gastrointestinal bleeding (LGIB).

• The dynamic contribution of these factors on the incidences of UGIB and LGIB at population level remains uncertain.

What are the significant and/or new findings of this study?

• The incidences of UGIB showed a clear declining trend while LGIB decreased slightly over the past decade in Hong Kong.

• LGIB had actually surpassed UGIB as the leading source of GIB, especially among older population.

• The increasing PPIs prescription was associated with the falling incidences of UGIB, whereas the rising use of aspirin was associated with both an increase in UGIB and LGIB.

• With the increasing use of aspirin and the lack of effective prevention preventive strategies, LGIB would become a major health challenge.

Established knowledge on this subject

• 1. Obesity is a prevalent phenomenon.

• 2. The impact of obesity and morbid obesity on mortality in patients undergoing ERCP remains unclear.

Significant and/or new findings of this study?

• 1. Morbid obesity but not obesity was associated with increased mortality in patients undergoing ERCP.

Summarise the established knowledge on this subject

• Summarise the established knowledge on this subject

• In a systematic review, ustekinumab was found to be effective in treating

• dermatologic manifestations such as psoriasis, pyoderma gangrenosum and erythema nodosum, and rheumatologic manifestations such as arthralgias and psoriatic arthritis in IBD

• However, existing evidence is limited due to retrospective evaluations, small sample sizes and lack of comparator groups

• Overall, there is a paucity of data regarding the effectiveness of ustekinumab for treatment of extraintestinal manifestations in Crohn's disease

What are the significant and/or new findings of this study?

• Patients with Crohn's disease treated with ustekinumab had overall no significant resolution of EIMs as compared to those treated with placebo at week 6 and week 52

• Among individual EIMs, only erythema nodosum was significantly reduced in patients treated with ustekinumab at week 52 compared to placebo-treated patients

Summarise the established knowledge on this subject

• Mesenteric artery stenoses are prevalent (6%–29%), but as a result of the compensatory capacity of the mesenteric circulation, the incidence of chronic mesenteric ischaemia (CMI) is 9.2 per 100,000

• Early risk stratification could facilitate the diagnostic trajectory of chronic mesenteric ischaemia in order to triage patients that do or do not need a further diagnostic workup

• The mesenteric artery calcium score (MACS) identifies CMI patients with a sensitivity of 88% and can be obtained from both non-contrast enhanced and contrast enhanced computed tomography (CT)

• The score chart by van Dijk et al. might guide subsequent treatment decisions in patients with a clear suspicion of chronic mesenteric ischaemia, but requires an arterial contrast enhanced computed tomography angiography (CTA)

What are the significant and/or new findings of this study?

• A CT-based score chart composed of the variables weight loss, postprandial abdominal pain, cardiovascular disease, and MACS, showed excellent discrimination between patients with and without CMI

• The actual CMI risk was 2.1% in the predicted low-risk group (0–4 points) of the MACS score chart and 39.1% in the increased risk group (5–10 points) of the MACS score chart

• The near-perfect negative predictive value (97.9%) and sensitivity (97.8%) of the MACS score chart suggests that a score of ≤4 points virtually rules out CMI, while no patients are misclassified

• In this independent cohort the CTA-based score chart by van Dijk et al. was confirmed to have an excellent discriminative ability to guide treatment decisions in patients with suspected CMI