To evaluate an increase in tryptase levels in anaphylaxis, the within-subject (CV_I) and between-subject (CV_G) biological variations should be known. This study was conducted to estimate the biological variation of tryptase and to identify the reference change value.

Mucosal vaccines are typically administered either orally or nasally, and several studies have shown promising results for developing these vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that might serve as a viable alternative to current vaccines. SARS-CoV-2 invades the human body via oral and nasal mucosal surfaces; thus, an oral or nasal vaccine can trigger the immune system to inhibit the virus at the mucosal level, preventing further transmission via a strong mucosal and systematic immune response.

The Omicron variant is highly infectious and highly pathogenic, and some specific mutation sites mean that this variant may be resistant to the vaccine. Some epidemiological evidence has emerged showing that the Omicron variant may lead to milder symptoms in patients. Current vaccines may provide high protection against severe diseases caused by Omicron; therefore, to try to avoid all variants, vaccination and booster shots continue to be recommended.

We found that those who had a wider dosing gap (20 weeks compared to 12 weeks) had higher antibody and T cell responses, 6 months post first dose of the AZD1222 vaccine, possibly as immune responses were measured 6 weeks post second dose compared to 12 weeks post second dose.

PKM2 knockout in T1D mouse can attenuate OS and inflammatory response as well as decreasing the glucose of T1D mouse

A strong correlation between interferon-gamma (IFNγ) and interleukin-2) (IL-2) producing SARS-CoV-2-specific memory T cell responses four months post mild to severe COVID-19. Less cross-reactive responses with a novel designed peptide pool (4%). Cross-reactive T cell secretion in repeatedly seronegative individuals was IFNγ-dominant. Four specific COVID symptoms correlated with the magnitude of the cellular response. 

A high proportion of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients had Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) reactivation that may be associated with an increased risk of death. Whether treatment with ganciclovir may decrease the mortality of COVID-19 patients complicated with EBV reactivation warrants to be addressed in a placebo-controlled randomized trial in the future.

Our study suggests that proline-rich protein BstNI subfamily 1 (PRB1) expression in induced sputum is increased in asthmatic subjects, which demonstrates its association with type 2-high asthma. Thus, PRB1 may be a biological marker for type 2-high asthma. The findings of this study could provide new insights into the diagnosis and treatment of asthma.

To investigate mechanisms of vaginal mucosa (VM) sensitization in contact hypersensitivity (CHS), we examined migration of hapten-captured dendritic cells (DCs) in the draining lymph nodes (dLNs) and recruitment of DCs at the sensitized local sites in VM sensitization as compared with skin sensitization. We observed that DC migration to dLNs and localization of DCs at the sensitized sites were limited in the VM sensitization with high TGF-β expression levels, increment of CD206⁺ cells, and TGF-β expression in CD206⁺ cells in the VM. These results suggested that existence of TGF-β-expressing CD206⁺ cells may contribute less sensitization ability and CHS responses in the VM.

Oral immunotherapy (OIT) is a promising therapeutic approach for children with persistent IgE-mediated cow's milk allergy (CMA). The prevalence of life-threatening anaphylaxis in children with persistent CMA undergoing OIT is nearly two times lower (3.5% vs. 6.3%) than in those who stop the protocol. Patients who stop OIT present more frequently severe reactions, requiring intensive care unit admission, or fatal.

Elevated myxovirus resistance protein-1 (MxA) levels accurately distinguish COVID-19 infections from bacterial infections and noninfectious diagnoses in patients with suspected COVID-19 infection in the emergency department. MxA measurements may be of added value in the diagnostic workup and patient flow in the emergency department.

Point-of-care tests may play a valuable role in reducing the risk of donor-derived SARS-CoV-2 transmission in lung transplantation.