It is currently unknown whether SARS-CoV-2 elicits long-lasting immunological memory. We evaluated the long-term immunity in an Italian football team, who experienced a cluster of SARS-CoV-2 infections in March 2020. Our results highlight a heterogeneous magnitude of immunological memory, suggesting that some individuals may be at risk of reinfection.

Classic Kawasaki disease (KD) and SARS-CoV-2-associated KD show common but some distinct pathophysiological features. The knowledge about the pathophysiology of classic KD will be helpful in understanding SARS-CoV-2-associated KD, in which cell death-associated damage-associated molecular patterns also appear to play a significant role in the development. Moreover, inflammation and oxidative stress mutually amplify each other and possibly lead to the induction of both classic KD and SARS-CoV-2-associated KD.

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By measuring IgG concentrations at many time points per individual (844 samples for 151 subjects), we showed not only that the decline in IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 occurs at substantially different rates between individuals, but also that rates of decline of antibody levels diminish as time progresses beyond 6 months, indicative of long-term memory.

This study introduces a new CAR-T therapy for acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) that targets the GM-CSF receptor complex. GM-CSF receptors are a novel target for AML treatment in the CAR-T field. Furthermore, by modifying the spacer (G4S) and employing a mutated GM-CSF construct (E21K), we could remarkably improve the anti-tumor effects of CAR-T cells in multiple mouse xenograft models.

We have made novel chimeric antigen receptor T (CART) cells specific for glioblastoma, a devastating brain tumor with poor survival. This receptor is of extremely high affinity, and the CAR T cells can completely clear brain tumors in mice.

This study provides a novel insight into regulatory T cells (Tregs) at the transcriptional and functional levels in HIV-infected individuals on antiretroviral therapy versus long-term non-progressors (LTNPs). A lack of immunosuppressive properties of Tregs in LTNPs may explain the higher propensity for autoimmune diseases in these individuals.

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