Simulation modeling was used to evaluate extended endocrine therapy for women with hormone receptor-positive non-metastatic breast cancer. Results indicate that extension of endocrine therapy from 5 to 10 years modestly improves life years in some groups but adverse events may outweigh benefits.

Sarcopenia, defined by the PMI, which was objective and easy to measure, was an independent and stable adverse prognostic factor in cHCC-CC patients after surgery. Nomogram based on sarcopenia and clinicopathological characteristics might aid high-risk patient identification and clinical decisions.

Despite the improved pathological complete response rate in HER2-positive breast cancer patients with neoadjuvant dual HER2 blockade, it would be desirable to identify patients exquisitely responsive to single agent trastuzumab to minimize or avoid overtreatment. Herein, by analyzing baseline tissue microRNA (miRNA) profile in the trastuzumab arm of NeoALTTO study, we identified a two-miRNA predictive signature and a prognostic signature associated to event-free survival. Analyses of primary tumor tissue miRNAs hold the potential of a parsimonious tool to identify patients with differential clinical outcomes after trastuzumab based neoadjuvant therapy.

This combination therapy with ADI-PEG 20 and Doxil had a reversible and manageable toxicity profile, and patients tolerated the treatment. Tumor shrinkage and prolonged duration of therapy were observed in several patients.

There have been some reports on the efficacy of intrapleural perfusion with hyperthermic chemotherapy (IPHC) in the treatment of malignant pleural effusion (MPE), but few studies put emphasis on IPHC under video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) and the efficacy of different treatment regimens. This study aims to explore the curative effect of IPHC under VATS and normothermic chemoperfusion of the pleural cavity (NCPC) in the treatment of MPE, and to provide clinical experience for MPE.

We report on the final analysis of the phase 1 trial of filanesib, bortezomib, and dexamethasone in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. Among patients receiving therapeutic doses of the study drugs, overall response rate was 39% with median duration of response of 14.1 months and median progression-free survival of 8.0 months. The combination continues to show safety and encouraging activity in this population, particularly in those patients with 1q21 gain and t(11;14).

Patients aged less than 65 years exhibited better outcomes with levetiracetam. Patients with unmethylated MGMT promoter possibly have greater benefits from levetiracetam.

This article examined if oncology drug indications with high clinical benefit, as measured by the American Society of Clinical Oncology Value Framework (ASCO-VF) and European Society for Medical Oncology Magnitude of Clinical Benefit Scale (ESMO-MCBS), received public reimbursement status faster than those with lower clinical benefit from the time of pan-Canadian Oncology Drug Review (pCODR) recommendation. It was found that oncology drug indications with high clinical benefit were not significantly associated with shorter time to public reimbursement. These findings suggest the need to implement a transparent system of prioritization to ensure quicker access to oncology drugs with the greatest benefits.

First, from the SEER database, we identified the prognostic factors for anal squamous cell carcinoma (ASCC) patients and develop a nomogram to better predict the prognosis of ASCC patients. Secondly, through comparison, our predictive model is a further improvement of traditional AJCC staging system based on patient’s demographic and clinicopathological features not only in survival prediction, but also in clinical utility.

Development and validation of the nomogram. The nomogram of different risk factors for survival at 7.5 months in gastric cancer patients treated with nivolumab.

Patients with classic Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL)-type methotrexate-associated lymphoproliferative disorder (MTX-LPD) with high programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression tended to have exacerbations and relapses after MTX discontinuation. Our study suggests that the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway may be involved in refractoriness to MTX discontinuation in CHL-type MTX-LPD.

Our study detected the expression of TPM1–4 was all significantly upregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), suggesting TPM1–4 may serve as an important role in HCC development. High TPM3 expression was found to be associated with poor overall survival, and TPM3 may be independent prognostic factor for HCC.

Several important keystone genetic events occur during carcinogenesis in the distal esophagus. These processes should be diagnosed during routine evaluation of patients with Barrett's esophagus to prevent disease progression and malignization. The aforementioned genetic aberrations are detected as early as 2 years before diagnosis of esophageal carcinoma.

Fluorescence microscopic representative illustration of CD4, CD8, and B7-1 immunohistochemistry.

Cancer-associated stroma (CAS) is emerging as a key determinant of metastasis in colorectal cancer (CRC), however, little is known about CAS in colorectal liver metastases (CRLM). This study used a large cohort of paired primary CRC and CRLM in a case–control design to examine the transcriptome of the CAS. The key finding was that the only significant difference between patients who developed liver metastases versus those that had long-term disease-free survival was found in their CAS transcriptome. These data also identified a number of novel targetable stromal genes and pathways that defined poor prognosis CRC and the CAS of CRLM.

During 2000–2015, 5.8% of cancer survivors in Osaka, Japan, developed metachronous second primary cancers (SPCs) within 10 years of first diagnosis. Cancer survivors were at 1.38 times (male) and 1.44 times (female) higher risks of developing SPCs compared to the general population. Coordinated efforts of survivorship care through risk-based care planning, surveillance, and lifestyle-changing interventions are warranted.

Through two different types of CNNs, we were able to exclusively detect and determine atypical cell clusters with high sensitivity. The deep learning approach was also extremely useful for cervical Pap Smears with diverse images.

U.S. oncologists who typically waited ≥3 weeks for biomarker test results were more likely to defer initiating treatment for patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer until results were reviewed. Treatment decision-making based on biomarker test results was associated with practice setting and physician specialization and years of experience. Frequency that oncologist’s concern about delaying treatment is a reason for not testing, by years since oncology training completed.