Dyslipoproteinemia can cause aortic injuries by utilizing electronegative low-density lipoprotein caused disruption of stimulated by retinoic acid 6 signaling. The suppression of stimulated by retinoic acid 6 might be one novel pathogenesis of aorta in people with metabolic syndrome.

Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell sheet transplantation enhanced the engraftment efficiency and suppressed the progression of diabetic nephropathy.

The first nationwide, all age-group survey of endogenous hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia showed the current status of each type of endogenous hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia disorder and the unmet needs of the patients.

In type 2 diabetes patients patients, the degree of the associations between family history of diabetes and clinical characteristics differs according to the number and the type of family history of diabetes. In particular, family history of diabetes in both parents is most strongly associated with impaired residual β-cell function.

In this study, we discovered four mutations in the insulin gene (INS), one of which was novel and was considered to cause permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus. We explored the clinical and genetic characteristics of Chinese permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus caused by INS mutations. This study enriches our awareness of the mutant spectrum in INS, and suggests the important role of INS in the development of permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus.

The current study did find a positive association of serum CA19-9 and incident diabetes risk. However, the Mendelian randomization analysis did not support a causal association of serum CA19-9 with diabetes risk. Higher levels of serum CA19-9 might be a biomarker of incident diabetes.

The diagnosis of autoimmune childhood-onset Japanese type 1 diabetes was increased by the glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies using a new enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in comparison with a previous radioimmunoassay.

(a) Rabson–Mendenhall/Donohue syndrome and type B insulin resistance syndrome (IRS) showed the highest and second highest levels of hyperinsulinemia, respectively, and those with type A and type X IRS were similar. Fasting serum insulin levels for 26 of the 27 (96.3%) type A and type X IRS patients for whom such data were available were >30 μU/mL. (b) Type A and type X IRS, as well as Rabson–Mendenhall/Donohue syndrome were associated with low birthweight.

The renal threshold for glucose (RTg) corresponds to a blood glucose level of ~180 mg/dL; however, in hospitals, patients are often encountered who are hyperglycemic, but urine glucose test strip-negative, implying a high RTg value. In this study, we aimed to identify factors determining high RTg in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. We estimated RTg (eRTg) using urinalysis data from 67 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients for whom the glucose infusion rate was determined by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, and found that a high eRTg is associated with a low glucose infusion rate and high glycated hemoglobin, with the glucose infusion rate making a substantial contribution.

Assuming that all patients with type 2 diabetes strictly observed daily energy intake as 25 kcal/kg ideal bodyweight/day, 41 of 52 patients (78.9%) did not reach their REE. The greater the bodyweight, the greater the difference between assumed energy intake as 25 kcal/kg ideal bodyweight and REE.

In this study, to manage the quantity and quality of bodyweight in patients with type 2 diabetes, a primary goal should be the promotion of increased physical activity and reduced sedentary time. It is likely that the combination of seeking out physical activity and avoiding sedentary behavior is important for the management of bodyweight in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes.

Sitagliptin treatment was associated with clinically meaningful improvement in glycemic control in all subgroups of Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes that were evaluated. Higher baseline glycemic status and lower baseline β-cell function were identified as factors associated with greater hemoglobin A1c reduction after sitagliptin treatment.

The present post-hoc analysis was carried out using data from two randomized, multinational, parallel-arm and non-inferiority phase III trials (AWARD-CHN1 study [NCT01644500] and AWARD-CHN2 study [NCT01648582] of dulaglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Add-on effects of a sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, dapagliflozin, on type 2 diabetes were examined. Dapagliflozin reduced serum myostatin levels and elevated the SMM-to-bodyweight ratios with improving metabolic parameters. Dapagliflozin would contribute to reducing the risk of muscle loss.

This long-term (52-week), open-label extension of a phase III study investigated the efficacy and safety of add-on ipragliflozin in Japanese patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus who experienced inadequate glycemic control. Ipragliflozin at a once-daily 50 mg dosage, which was titrated to 100 mg in patients with inadequate control, reduced the mean glycated hemoglobin levels by −0.33% (standard deviation 0.72): reduction was sustained from week 4 onwards in the ipragliflozin group (n = 108); and from week 28 onwards, which corresponds to 4 weeks after switching to ipragliflozin treatment, in the placebo switched to ipragliflozin group (n = 53). No safety concerns related to severe hypoglycemia or diabetic ketoacidosis were reported.

Ultra-rapid lispro is a novel ultra-rapid mealtime insulin. This study compared the pharmacokinetic and glucodynamic profiles, safety, and tolerability of ultra-rapid lispro and lispro (Humalog^®) in Japanese patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Overall, ultra-rapid lispro showed accelerated insulin lispro absorption, reduced late exposure, overall shorter duration and faster early insulin action compared with lispro in Japanese patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Perfusion index could be a novel indicator of diabetic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes.

This study aimed to determine whether hemodialysis is associated with vitreous haemorrhage in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. These results suggest that hemodialysis therapy does not seem to be a significant risk for vitreous haemorrhage in proliferative diabetic retinopathy patients.

Mirogabalin 30 mg/day effectively reduced pain compared with placebo and was well tolerated in a phase III, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in Asian patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain. This open-label extension study was carried out to evaluate the long-term safety of flexible doses of mirogabalin 20 or 30 mg/day in Asian patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain; long-term efficacy of mirogabalin was also evaluated. This study showed the safety and efficacy of a long-term flexible dosing regimen of mirogabalin 10 or 15 mg twice daily in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain.

This study attempted to confirm whether gut microbiota change during pregnancy, by comparing the gut microbiota in stool samples from 45 women, both early and late in their pregnancies. The composition of microbiota in early and late pregnancy did not differ, except that the proportion of the phylum, TM7, significantly decreased in late pregnancy. The Shannon index of late pregnancy was negatively associated with pregestational body mass index and positively correlated with glycoalbumin levels.

This is the first meta-analysis on this topic. We found that paying attention to the change of ferritin level during pregnancy can effectively prevent gestational diabetes mellitus. The association between ferritin and gestational diabetes mellitus might be mediated by body mass index or reactive protein as an intermediate factor. The causal relationship between ferritin and gestational diabetes mellitus can be obtained by the dose–response relationship to some extent.

We observed elevated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) among anemic people with MCV <80 fL or MCV 80–90 fL, and decreased HbA1c among anemic people with MCV >90 fL, suggesting that iron deficiency anemia and non-iron deficiency anemia might influence HbA1c differently. In addition, non-anemic people with lower hemoglobin levels had higher HbA1c levels, suggesting that hemoglobin levels are in need of consideration when interpreting HbA1c values among non-anemic people.

Reporting odds ratio analysis using the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report database shows that ceritinib might be significantly associated with hyperglycemia in clinical settings. The structural similarities between insulin receptor and anaplastic lymphoma kinase mutation (L1196M) might be related to their susceptibilities to ceritinib. The possibility of hyperglycemia should be carefully monitored in patients receiving ceritinib.

We investigated the characteristics and associated factors of invasive fungal disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus from Southern China for the first time. We found that Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans and Aspergillus fumigatus were the leading agents. Prolonged hyperglycemia results in unfavorable outcomes. Correction of anemia and hypoalbuminemia might improve prognosis.

We report a case in which the sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, dapagliflozin, contributed to the development of ketosis and sarcopenia in a lean elderly woman with type 2 diabetes. Sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor use and reduced β-cell function together resulted in insulinopenia and probably hyperglucagonemia, which enhanced proteinolysis and impaired protein synthesis in the muscle, thereby leading to the patient developing sarcopenia.