Mol. Nutr. Food Res. 2021, 65, 2000864

DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000864

The yellow tea extract (YTE) enhances adaptive thermogenesis and protects mice from high fat diet induced obesity by modulating adipocyte metabolic conversion. In epididymal adipose tissue, YTE prevents white adipocytes hypertrophy and improves mitochondrial biogenesis. In brown adipose tissue, YTE prevents whitening and induces numerous brown-like adipocytes. In subcutaneous adipose tissue, YTE prevents white adipocytes hypertrophy and stimuli beige adipocytes. This is reported by Na Xu, Jun Chu, Rongrong Dong, Fengjuan Lu, Xinfeng Zhang, Min Wang, Ying Shen, Zhongwen Xie, Chi-Tang Ho, Chung S. Yang, Yijun Wang, Xiaochun Wan in article 2000864.

One-carbon metabolism during pregnancy plays a crucial role in pregnancy health and outcomes. It participates in a variety of physiological processes in mammals. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of current evidence linking nutrients with one-carbon units during pregnancy to the development of oocytes, embryos and placentas as well as maternal and offspring health.

The large-leaf yellow tea extract (YTE) protects mice from high-fat-diet induced obesity and metabolic syndrome by raising adaptive thermogenesis and modulating adipocyte metabolic conversion. In epididymal adipose tissue, YTE prevents white adipocytes hypertrophy and improves mitochondrial biogenesis. In brown adipose tissue, YTE prevents whitening and induces numerous brown adipocytes. In subcutaneous adipose tissue, YTE prevents whitening and stimuli beige adipocytes.

Urinary analysis of dietary biomarkers is a promising approach to investigate the relation between food intake and potential health effects. The present human study identified proline betaine as the most promising biomarker for orange juice consumption and allows to differentiate between low, medium, and high intake. Additionally, hesperetin and naringenin are supporting biomarkers.

The effect of the sweetness of a sucrose versus an iso-caloric glucose solution on blood glucose regulation by adjusting the sweetness using the sweet taste inhibitor lactisole is investigated. Sucrose is rated sweeter than an iso-caloric glucose solution. The difference in the structure of glucose and sucrose, but not the perceived sweetness affects the blood glucose regulation in male subjects.

The present study characterizes the gut microbial conversion of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG) using anaerobic incubation model. Substantial interindividual differences are found in the formation of EGCG gut microbial metabolites. In contrast to EGCG, at low micromolar concentrations, especially metabolites gallic acid, pyrogallol, and catechol induce significant activity in the activation of Nrf2-mediated gene expression.

Fish oil supplementation has been repeatedly demonstrated to enhance the recruitment of thermogenic brite cells in subcutaneous adipose tissue. These cells, expressing the uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), have an exceptional capacity to dissipate chemical energy as heat and are proposed reduce body adiposity by affecting energy balance. In this study, dietary supplementation of fish oil in mice housed at 30°C and humans did not affect the recruitment of UCP1 expressing brite adipocytes.

The present study reports that pterostilbene alleviated Aβ_1-42 induce cognitive dysfunction in mice. Its mechanism of action may be associated to the inhibition of oxidative stress through the p62/Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway.

Choline is important for brain development. It is found that low maternal dietary intake of choline increasesToll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) transcription in neural progenitor cells, which results in premature neuronal differentiation and exacerbated ethanol-induced inflammasome activation. This effect is caused by a decrease in H3K27me3 at the Tlr4 promoter.These findings elucidate the relationship between choline availability and brain development.

Wild-type and Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) mutant mice are fed a high-fat diet with green tea extract (GTE). Untargeted hepatic metabolomics reveal that GTE during nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) affects few metabolites consistent with a TLR4-dependent mechanism. Whereas, GTE and the loss-of-TLR4 signaling independently affected a greater number of metabolites. Thus, GTE and the loss-of-TLR4 signaling distinctly affect the metabolome during NASH.

Dietary supplementation with resveratrol induces the noncanonical autophagy pathway and limits the cross-talk existence with inflammation through prevention of both inflammasome and nuclear factor κB activation, which in consequence modulates inflammation, angiogenesis, and synovial hyperplasia.

Absorption of vitamins A, D, and lipids are investigated in metabolic syndrome (MetS) versus healthy subjects. Vitamin A absorption increases in MetS (trend) and correlates with a subset of phosphocholines. Vitamin D absorption is not different between groups. This warrants investigation of shared vitamin A/phosphocholine enzymes and distinct vitamin A versus D absorption pathways to improve their status in MetS.

Chlorogenic acid is a polyphenol that can be found in many anti-diabetic foods, such as tea and green coffee. It also shows remarkable anti-fibrotic ability in diabetic heart through activating the endothelial nitric oxide synthase/NO/cyclic GMP/protein kinase G pathway and blocking the transforming growth factor-β pathway.

Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) induces mucin overproduction in mouse lung and airway epithelial cells, an outcome associated with airflow obstruction and exacerbations of chronic respiratory diseases. Phloretin, an apple polyphenol, inhibits this signaling cascade, resulting in the attenuation of NTHi-induced mucin production.

Fucoxanthin is converted to fucoxanthinol and amarouciaxanthin A in the mouse body. However, further metabolism such as cleavage products (i.e. apocarotenoids) and biological activity of fucoxanthin-derived apocarotenoid remains unclear. In this study, paracentrone is identified in vivo. Furthermore, other synthesized apocarotenoid (e.g., apo-10′-fucoxanthinal) including paracentrone exerts anti-inflammatory action against lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages and an obesity-related adipose tissue in vitro model (coculture system).

Subjects at high metabolic risk with higher levels of plasma insulin concentration are sensitive to grape pomace (Responders) while showing reduced levels of Firmicutes and Prevotella, along with increased expression of miR-222. The variations in miR-222 as well as in Prevotella could be indicators of responsiveness, suggesting that responders are those subjects showing impaired glycaemic control.