This commentary is on the original article by Rosander and Hallböök on pages 628–633 of this issue.

This commentary is on the original article by Oakeshott et al. on pages 634–638 of this issue.

This commentary is on the original article by Lehtonen et al. on pages 645–651 of this issue.

This commentary is on the original article by Jaekel et al. on pages 652–659 of this issue.

This commentary is on the original article by Balemans et al. on pages 660–667 of this issue.

This commentary is on the original article by van Balen et al. on pages 668–676 of this issue.

• Neonatal hypertonia within 24 hours is unlikely to be caused by hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy.
• Hypertonia with a sub-acute presentation later has many possible aetiologies and may represent central or peripheral pathology. Some conditions have treatments or genetic implications.
• A diagnostic approach to the neonate with hypertonia is suggested.

• Longer duration of post-traumatic amnesia (PTA) is related to worse functional outcomes.
• Duration of PTA better predicted outcomes than Glasgow Coma Scale and length of coma.
• Duration of PTA did not relate to somatic complaints.

• The first population-based study of Dravet syndrome in Sweden.
• Incidence in this 5-year birth cohort was estimated to one in 33 000 live births.
• The estimated prevalence on December 31, 2011 was one in 45 700 children.
• We illustrate the progressive course of Dravet syndrome.

This article is commented on by Dravet on page 593 of this issue.

• In open spina bifida, sensory level predicts urological life expectancy.
• Death due to urological causes only occurred in those with a sensory level of T6–L1.
• Neurological level predicts outcome better than cutaneous or radiological level.
• Sensory level should be assessed in all infants with open spina bifida.

This article is commented on by Worley on pages 594–595 of this issue.

• Infants with congenital heart disease are at risk for preoperative cerebral abnormalities.
• Preoperative cranial ultrasound findings occur in around 30% of infants.
• Abnormalities consist of diffuse oedema or mild white matter injury.
• Infants undergoing balloon-atrial septostomy are at risk for cerebral oedema.
• Cranial ultrasound is not related to early neurodevelopmental outcome.

• First population-based study of cognitive deficits in children with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1)
• First study of cognition in children with NF1 carried out in the UK since 1996.

This article is commented on by Hutton on pages 595–596 of this issue.

• Delayed school entry (DSE) has no effect on Year 1 teacher ratings of academic performance.
• DSE is associated with poorer performance in standardized tests of reading, writing, mathematics, and attention at age 8 years.

This article is commented on by Fastenau on pages 596–597 of this issue.

• There are no associations between changes in fitness components and mobility capacity in children with unilateral CP.
• In children with bilateral CP, better anaerobic fitness relates to better aerobic fitness and higher mobility capacity.
• Different interventions to improve mobility capacity are required for children with bilateral or unilateral CP.

This article is commented on by Narayanan on pages 597–598 of this issue.

• In infants at high risk for CP, direction-specificity develops with delay from 6 months onwards.
• Infants at high risk for CP grow into a deficit: at 18 months they have slower recruitment of postural muscles and decreasing anticipatory activation.

This article is commented on by Saavedra on pages 598–599 of this issue.