259 ADF personnel were injured in Afghanistan between 2002 and Dec 2021. 20% of these were seriously or very seriously injured, most of whom required surgery (93%) ultimately requiring return to Australia following injury (91%). For those requiring surgery, gun-shot wound was the commonest injuring mechanism (47%) followed by blast injury (39.6%). Orthopaedic (32.2%) and soft tissue initial wound surgery (47.1%) were the commonest surgical procedures.

Salvage oesophagectomies have increased rates of rates of postoperative mortality, anastomotic leak, pulmonary complications and decreased rates of R0 margin, which are statistically significant. However, they offer a meaningful chance of long-term survival (at 5 years) for select patients with oesophageal cancer, but the elevated risk of post-operative complications and mortality following salvage oesophagectomy should be recognised.

Thirteen trials were included in the comparative analysis of this outcome, with 1456 patients enrolled (739 for PCD and 717 for PNA) [5, 26–28, 30 and 32–39]. Treatment with PCD had a significantly higher success rate than PNA (RR = 1.23; 95% CI [1.12, 1.36], P < 0.00001), but the results were highly heterogeneous across the trials (P < 0.00001, I2 = 78%), and the heterogeneity could not be resolved.

The common limb length in Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery has the potential to impact nutritional and metabolic outcomes, with this review study demonstrating reasonable weight loss and positive impacts on metabolic outcomes with common limb lengths >400 cm.

A systematic review of pre-clinical evidence for intraluminal oxygenation in the treatment of intestinal ischaemia. The majority of studies demonstrated a significant benefit. There remain important questions regarding the optimal timing and delivery technique before clinical translation of this treatment strategy.

Diffuse type tenosynovial giant cell tumour of the temporomandibular joint (D-TGCT-TMJ) is a rare proliferative disorder. This systematic review showed total resection and arthroplasty are common D-TGCT-TMJ management regimes and patients with D-TGCT-TMJ should be followed up annually for at least five years post-operatively to assess for recurrence.

Radio-guided occult lesion localisation using iodine 125 seeds (ROLLIS), a technique used to localise impalpable breast cancers for breast conserving surgery (BCS). Previous studies have suggested improved efficiency and patient outcomes with ROLLIS compared with hook-wire localisation (HWL). The aim of this report is to compare the post-operative complication rates and safety profiles of ROLLIS versus hook-wire guided surgery.

The expression of registry data against a consistent benchmark allows comparison of breast cancer care between countries, to aid identification of inequalities, encourage improvements, and allow re-evaluation of performance after implementation of new guidelines This manuscript presents the compliance of data from the Breast Surgeons of Australia and New Zealand (BreastSurgANZ) Quality Audit (BQA) with the breast cancer care Quality Indicators (QI)s defined by the 2017 European Society of Breast Cancer Specialists (EUSOMA) Guideline for Quality Indicators in Breast Cancer Care. We were able to demonstrate that ANZ surgeons perform at a high standard in discussion of breast cancer patients by multidisciplinary team, and that areas for improvement were in completeness of data capture, and inclusion of genetic syndrome and Ki67% in data collection. We note that due to the rapid evolution of breast cancer treatment, there is need for a contemporary update of QI relating to the use of neoadjuvant and adjuvant systemic therapies.

Breast surgeons must maintain contemporary knowledge regarding appropriate referral of breast cancer patients for neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). The 2019 St Gallen International Consensus Guidelines for the primary therapy of early breast cancer and the ASCO Guidelines of 2021 state that NACT is now considered the preferred initial approach in women with stage II–III, triple-negative or HER2 positive breast cancer. This manuscript describes an annual increase in use of NACT, and a corresponding annual decrease in adjuvant chemotherapy in all breast cancer biological subtypes in concordance with an uptake of contemporary guidelines in ANZ, and highlights a need for expansion of BQA data fields related to use of NACT to allow detailed audit of NACT rates in stage II–III TNBC and HER2 enriched BC, and accurate determination of quality of practice in ANZ.

Explores the use of the combination of Magseed and Magtrace in case series in regional Australia.

Comparative analysis of a cohort of patients with papillary cancer less than 15 mm and review of pre-operative ultrasound and histopathological variables to investigate issues arising in the era of active surveillance. We demonstrate a number of surgical candidates who would have been deemed appropriate for active surveillance but have a number of adverse pathological features.

Rare entity: Follicular thyroid carcinoma demonstrating a locally recurrent and metastatic disease phenotype, despite persistently benign pathological findings.

Addition of cholangioscopy tends to improve stricture cannulation rates at ERCP, and offers a useful classification of post-LDLT strictures with prognostic and therapeutic significance. Type II strictures tend to require more sessions of endotherapy than type I strictures over a longer duration for remodelling.

We evaluated the effect of liver donor perceived quality on relisting or recipient death at one-week and one-year after transplantation. Male gende, obesity, donation after cardiac death and alanine aminotransferase values were significantly associated with perceived poor-quality of liver donors. No significant effect of the perceived quality on re-listing or death within the first week and first year post-transplant was observed, adjusting by recipient age and gender, obesity, diabetes, prior liver transplantation and MELD score.

The overall complication rate was higher in patients undergoing emergency colorectal resection, however, rates of major complications and mortality were similar between groups. Higher complication rates reflect advanced disease pathology in patients who are more comorbid.

During the first year year of the COVID-19 pandemic (2020) there was a significant decrease in the expected numbers of malignant polyps diagnosed in Queensland, Australia.

This is a single-centre experience in the radiological detection of diminutive colonic polyps in a cohort of 308 symptomatic patients (211 patients with at least one diminutive (<6 mm) polyp and 97 patients with borderline (6 mm) polyps). We found that most symptomatic patients with diminutive polyps on CT colonography proceed to endoscopy, which frequently confirms dysplasia but which rarely reveals malignancy. In this article, we describe clinical outcomes, and explore approaches to clinical counselling, risk management and joint decision-making.

Primary tumor resection improved overall survival in patients with RAS wild-type synchronous left-sided colon or rectum cancer treated with cetuximab containing chemotherapy regimens.

A scatterplot of the length of terminal ileum specimen resected in right hemicolectomies and BMI (r_s 0.28, P = 0.050).

The Deloyers procedure after extended left colon resection is a safe and feasible alternative for restoration of bowel continuity, achieving better functional outcomes and quality-of-life compared to ileorectal anastomosis.

The study compared delayed coloanal anastomosis (DCAA) with immediate coloanal anastomosis (ICAA). DCAA is overall more cost-effective compared to ICAA with DI following ultralow anterior resection. Cost savings should be considered an additional benefit when selecting the DCAA approach for low rectal cancer surgery.

This randomised control trial is an important investigation of a novel method of reducing surgical site infections in colorectal surgery, humidification of the open surgical wound. The present study could not confirm that utilisation of warm, humidified CO₂ with HumiGard™ reduces SSI in open colorectal surgery. Further research is indicated to validate and extend these findings.

This present study contributes to the current literature by performing a meta-analysis of survival data of lateral UKA alone at short-, mid-, and long-term follow-ups. Twenty-six studies, comprising 5470 lateral UKAs, were incorporated into this analysis. With survivorship defined as the absence of all-cause revisions, pooled results estimated short-to-mid-term (3–5 years) survivorship of 94-96% and demonstrated combined survivorships of 88%, 85%, and 76% at 10, 15, and 25 years following UKA surgeries, respectively.

We investigated the postoperative satisfaction outcomes of RTKA patients, using a structured telephone assessment questionnaire and review of orthopaedic and hospital records. Strong correlation was found between assessment tools (overall satisfaction, numerical score (0–10), Mahomed Satisfaction Scale). Factors contributing to satisfaction included preoperative ROM, postoperative ROM, Oxford knee score, BMI, and surgical time. These results contribute to the understanding of satisfaction outcomes in RTKA patients, which may assist in appropriately informing patients of expected post-operative outcomes.

Complications related to surgery or the need for additional surgeries. This work describes a case study describing the recruitment process, study components, and lessons learned from StayQuit, a comprehensive relapse prevention program designed to support patients and prevent relapse after arthroplasty. While we found the intended program, StayQuit, to be unsustainable under current conditions within the orthopedic surgery setting, we examined lessons learned post hoc to determine challenges related to study implementation and recruitment that can help guide similar programs.

This retrospective case series on congenital mesoblastic nephroma (CMN) describes the clinical details, histology, management and outcomes of nine infants with CMN from a single institution.

Autologous gastrointestinal reconstructive surgery has become a key component of intestinal rehabilitation programs for Short Bowel Syndrome. The best surgical option remains unknown, and some patients might benefit from more than one technique: we present our experience using combined procedures as primary treatment.

This article reviews common bile duct stones and describes our technique of laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LCBDE) through a transverse choledochotomy at Hawke's Bay Hospital, New Zealand.

‘How I do’ video of an enucleation of cystic lesion of the pancreas.

This paper describes our technique of laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy and our experience in performing this procedure.