Our results demonstrate that effects caused by soybean croplands are more severe to dung beetle biodiversity when compared with exotic pastures in the Brazilian Pantanal.

Australian peat-forming wetlands, including those in Tasmania's largest Ramsar reserve—Lavinia State Reserve (LSR), are under threat from climate change, wildfires and human activities. A palaeoecological study of two LSR wetlands reveals that peat began forming in the Mid-Holocene after lake terrestrialisation during droughts and low water levels. Wildfires, particularly in the 2000s, have caused significant peat loss, highlighting the need for improved fire and hydrological management to protect these vulnerable ecosystems.

Roads increase wildlife mortality and isolate populations. This study monitored the movements and abundance of small mammals in areas with and without wildlife passages along BR-101 in Rio de Janeiro for 12 months. Our results show that although many mammals avoid roads, some species use these passages, increasing population connectivity.

Monitoring a transition from commercial livestock to macropod grazing over 15 years revealed increases in some native life forms and species of conservation significance, while the established native perennial vegetation was resistant to change in the face of severe drought and extremes of rainfall. Linear increases of some exotics in the face of ongoing control suggest possible future threats to ecosystem integrity.

Lianas (woody vines) contribute substantially to tropical forest functioning, including carbon cycling, which makes accurate estimates of their biomass essential. Here, we develop an allometric equation for estimating liana biomass from their diameter and use this to quantify liana abundance in a disturbed Australian rainforest. We find lianas contribute ~10% of woody biomass in the region and 36.5% of woody stem density, with this figure rising to 58% if climbing monocots are also counted, highlighting that these forests contain the highest liana densities compared to elsewhere in the tropics.