What is already known about this topic?

• It is reported that more than 80% of clinical nurses use tepid massages for fever management.
• Tepid massage or tepid sponge (30.0°C to 33.0°C) is commonly used.
• Tepid massage of 10 to 30-minute duration not to exceed 1 hour is recommended and in consideration of the peak effect that occurs between 15 and 30 minutes after the intervention.

What this paper adds?

• This review and meta-analysis aim to provide current evidence about the effect of tepid massage in children not only in the English literature but also in Korean.
• While there was no significant difference between tepid massage and the use of antipyretics, combination therapy (tepid massage and the use of antipyretics) was only effective in the early stage of fever.
• The tepid massage increased discomfort in patients by increasing shivering, chills, cutis anserine, discomfort, or crying in the included studies.

The implications of this paper:

• The topic of tepid message for fever management, a conventional nursing care technique, will be of interest to both an academic and clinical audience.
• The results of this study contribute to the understanding of the clinical effects of tepid massage based on existing evidence and to more robust evidence-based practices.

What is already known about this topic?

• Maintaining a patient's core temperature is an important clinical responsibility during surgery. To date, only 3 studies have explored the efficacy of forced-air warming during laparoscopic surgery; however, these studies are now out of date and have small sample sizes.
• Forced-air warming may be more effective than passive insulation to prevent hypothermia in patients undergoing surgery.

What this paper adds?

• Forced-air warming had better warming efficacy than passive insulation (heated blankets and radiant warming systems) at 90 to 300 minutes intraoperatively in laparoscopic thoracic and abdominal surgery.
• Forced-air warming was more effective than passive insulation in reducing the hypothermic complications of intraoperative blood loss, postoperative pain, and shivering.
• This is the first study applying 2 methods of analysis (independent t test and generalized estimating equation) to compare differences in temperature changes in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery using different warming devices.

The implications of this paper:

• Forced-air warming is helpful in maintaining patients' temperature and decreases complications during the whole perioperative period, including the postanaesthesia care unit stay.
• Hospital managers should consider the use of forced-air warming, rather than passive insulation, for patients undergoing prolonged anaesthesia for laparoscopic thoracic or abdominal surgery.
• Future studies could explore the efficacy of various intraoperative active warming devices on patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery using a large-scale, multinational, repeated measure design.

What is already known about this topic?

• Persistent foetal occipito-posterior position is the most common abnormal position of the foetal head.
• Abnormal position of foetal head may be corrected by rotating the foetal head or changing maternal posture.
• Sometimes, rotating the foetal head is traumatic for the foetal head and maternal perineum.

What this paper adds?

• Maternal extreme flexure and hip abduction combined with contralateral side-lying has better clinical correction effect for persistent foetal occipito-posterior position.
• The maternal posture can shorten the labour stage of persistent foetal occipito-posterior position.
• The maternal posture did not affect postpartum bleeding and neonatal Apgar score.

The implications of this paper:

• This comparative observational study provides an evidence to support maternal posture correcting abnormal foetal head position.
• Persistent foetal occipito-posterior position can be effectively corrected by changing maternal posture.
• The study provides an effective way for improving spontaneous labour rate in persistent foetal occipito-posterior position.

What is already known about this topic?

• Infectious disease outbreaks cause a significant level of distress and fear among nurses.
• Nurses are near to patients, even when they have life-threatening infectious diseases.
• Little is known about the work experiences of nurses during the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus outbreaks.

What this paper adds?

• High volume of work and fear of infection appear to be the main concerns among nurses during the outbreak.
• Nurses were confused about best practices because of lack of clarity of the guidelines during the outbreak. However, sharing information on the new guidelines and job-related information via text messages using smartphones was helpful for the nurses.
• Creating a supportive work environment and providing adequate training for nurses is essential.

The implications of this paper:

• Nurse managers and hospital administrators should establish strategies to prevent nurses from burnout and to ensure their safety during the outbreak of infectious diseases.
• Clear and consistent practice guidelines and effective communication methods among nurses should be developed.
• Increasing awareness of health care workers about infectious diseases to enhance emergency preparedness is essential.

What is already known about this topic?

• Prevalence of insomnia in nurses is associated with various work factors.
• Nurses have more tasks during the new hire transition, which increases their workload.
• Limited investigations have been conducted on the prevalence and incidence of insomnia in nurses and whether they are influenced by the workload resulting from the new hire transition.

What this paper adds?

• Different patterns were observed for the prevalence and incidence of insomnia in nurses between 2005 and 2008. The prevalence increased, whereas the incidence remained stable.
• Higher prevalence and incidence of insomnia were associated with a higher proportion of new hires.
• Nurses with a longer employment duration had a higher prevalence, but lower incidence, of insomnia.

The implications of this paper:

• To reduce the risk of insomnia, additional support should be provided to both new and non-new nurses during the new hire transition.

What is already known about this topic?

• Nurses have multiple roles and responsibilities, which may increase the risk of burnout and job dissatisfaction due to the broad expectations.
• Empowerment is an important construct because it offers the potential to positively influence outcomes that benefit both individuals and organizations.
• High-performance employees are created in an empowered organization, which increases organizational efficiency and productivity.

What this paper adds?

• Support for Kanter's theory of structural empowerment in Chinese nurses.
• Structural empowerment has a positive effect on career success. In particular, access to resources and formal power has the most significant impact on career success.
• Understand the mediating role of self-efficacy in the relationship between innovative behaviour and career success. The mediating role of innovative behaviour in the relationship between structural empowerment and career success.

The implications of this paper:

• Future career development programmes for Chinese nurses should emphasize not only emotional labour issues but also empowerment and innovation strategies.

What is already known about this topic?

• Hospital nurses perceived job pressure and poor rapport with managers as the common sources of work-related stress.
• The predictors of work-related stress among hospitals and primary care nurses were found but were limited to the Eastern region.
• Although the impact of work-related stress has been well explored in previous studies, a gap still remains on its variability when occurring in different levels of health care systems.

What this paper adds?

• Workload was the nurses' most commonly perceived source of work-related stress, whereas the lack of preparation was the least perceived source. Both sources were statistically higher in the hospitals than in the primary health care centres.
• Age, marital status, nationality, and job position were significantly associated with the nurses' work-related stress.
• The sources of work-related stress significantly differ according to the nurses' working environment.

The implications of this paper:

• The sources of work-related stress were linked to the shortage of staff and conflicts with time and fellow nurses. Thus, stress reduction and counselling should also focus on staff retention, time management, and the establishment of a healthy working environment.
• Policy modifications on stress management should be addressed according to the type of a working environment.
• Further examinations on the nurses' perception towards stress and organizational involvement are recommended for future studies.

What is already known about the topic?

• Previous studies of nursing workload have focused on the physical and psychological effects of workload, with few studies discussing the relationship between workload and non-observance errors.

What this paper adds?

• Our findings on the relationship between workload and non-observance errors support the human factors theory in workload-related medical non-observance errors and provide effective direction for improving these errors.
• We identified seven workload factors that may cause non-observance error in the process of administering medicine, and six kinds of non-observance errors

The implications of this paper:

• The findings offer a specific idea for the safety managers of hospitals regarding how to prevent non-observance.
• The workloads, non-observance errors, and corresponding relationship between them can be used as educational materials, so that nurses can deeply understand the causes and hazards of non-observance and prevent similar errors from happening again.
• Understanding the relationship between workload and non-observance error is also helpful in analysing error cases, along with identifying specific types of workload and non-observance errors for improvement.

What is already known about this topic?

• Dysmenorrhoea is a common problem in young women in many countries.
• Mood changes are related to menstrual problems such as menorrhagia, dysmenorrhoea, and abnormal menstrual cycle length.
• Few studies have compared the presence of depressive symptoms in young women with and without dysmenorrhoea.

What this paper adds?

• Depressive symptoms were 1.87 times higher in the students with dysmenorrhoea than in the students without dysmenorrhoea.
• Students without dysmenorrhoea have more normal level depressive symptoms (63.7%) than those with dysmenorrhoea (49.5%).
• Severe pain negatively affects young women's daily activities and social relationships and causes absence from their courses.

The implications of this paper:

• Health care professionals should be aware of the psychological effects of dysmenorrhoea and its physiological effects.
• Understanding the relationship between dysmenorrhoea and its risk factors is an essential step in the management and treatment of dysmenorrhoea.
• Treatment and management of dysmenorrhoea may improve women's daily lives.

What is already known about this topic?

• To recover daily activity functions after stroke, active participation in effective rehabilitation programmes is necessary.
• Depression is negatively associated with stroke patients' motivation for rehabilitation programmes.

What this paper adds?

• For stroke patients who are under 50 years old, depression is an independent predictor of stroke-associated hip fracture.
• Stroke patients in the age group of 51 to 60 years old had more depression symptoms compared with stroke patients above 61 years old.
• Age is a significant predictor of stroke-associated hip fractures.

The implications of this paper:

• To prevent stroke recurrence, stroke patients must strive to eliminate stroke-related risk factors and engage in medication compliance.
• Mental status has profound impact on hip fractures sequential stroke.
• Hospital leaders should consider developing hospital policies to address depression screening for all stroke patients and provide appropriate intervention to promote better outcomes.

What is already known about this topic?

• Severe osteoarthritis causes extreme joint pain, disability, and difficulties performing activities of daily life.
• Total hip and knee arthroplasty are the most prevalent orthopaedic surgeries performed on adults and the elderly and are recommended when conservative therapy is no longer effective for joint dysfunction.

What this paper adds?

• Joint functioning and the quality of life had improved by 6 weeks after surgery and beyond.
• The quality of life was higher among total knee replacement patients than among total hip replacement patients, higher among patients with greater satisfaction with their surgery, and higher among patients who deemed it more convenient to live at home postoperatively.

The implications of this paper:

• Providing patient education can yield improvements in joint functioning and the quality of life 6 weeks after arthroplasty.
• Patients living in homes with stairs should be cared for properly and apply for government subsidies to make their homes more disabled friendly in advance.