The ongoing important debate about the relative benefits/risks of COX-1 or COX-2 NSAIDs is hampered by the use of a measure of ‘selectivity’ that is inherently flawed. An alternative measure provides more meaningful and clinically relevant information.

Self-reporting of antibiotic consumption is relatively reliable by the patient. This varies depending on the age and sex of the individual. Older people (up to 80 years old) tend to be more accurate in reporting their antibiotic consumption than younger persons (<20 years), and males tend to be more accurate in their reporting than females.

The results suggested that patient satisfaction was different between zolpidem and brotizolam in terms of gender for zolpidem and age and steroid co-administration for brotizolam, which could be used to help choose a better drug among the two in patients with insomnia. *NOA, number of awakenings.

The prevalence of patients receiving at least one Potentially Inappropriate Medications (PIM) was 20·1% and 23·5% according to the 2003 and 2012 versions of the Beers criteria, respectively. Prescription of PIMs was not associated with a higher risk of adverse clinical events, re-hospitalization and all-cause mortality at three-month follow-up.

Lidocaine does not have a synergistic effect with PYM in improving the therapeutic outcomes of patients with VMs. Sclerotherapy with a low concentration of PYM (0·5 mg/mL) combined with lidocaine and DEX is a safe and effective therapy for small superficial VMs of critical organs, such as the lips and the glans penis.

To evaluate a community pharmacist intervention to improve adherence with antihypertensive medicines with a view to improving blood pressure (BP) control. This community pharmacist intervention resulted in improved adherence to antihypertensive medication and reduced systolic BP.

Paroxetine is a potent inhibitor of the same isoenzyme involved in the metabolism of nebivolol. Pretreatment regimen with paroxetine for 6 days significantly increased the mean plasma concentrations of both nebivolol and its hydroxylated active metabolite.

Venlafaxine concentrations decreases during pregnancy, and the ratio of the concentrations of O-desmethylvenlafaxine/venlafaxine increases during pregnancy. Pregnant women using venlafaxine are at risk for subtherapeutic concentrations; therefore, routine monitoring of concentrations venlafaxine and O-desmethylvenlafaxine is recommendable during pregnancy.

Multiplex pyrosequencing is a powerful tool for HLA-B*57:01 screening by using the rs2395029 and rs3093726 haplotype genotyping as surrogate marker for this HLA-B. The assay provides accurate, cost effective and rapid detection of this haplotype. It can be applied for ABC hypersensitivity screening of the Thai population before initiating treatment with ABC.

This is the first study to evaluate the biologically plausible hypothesis that PTPN22 C1858T genotype might be a predictor of response/toxicity to leflunomide therapy. Despite this, PTPN22 genotype was not associated with leflunomide response or toxicity in patients with RA. The LOESS smooth curve (Fig. 19) shows there is no difference in change in DAS28 across the 12 months according to PTPN22 genotype.

Changes in carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) concentration over time. Time 1, and period 6–7 – patient was taking Astragalus membranaceus. For the other times, the herb was withdrawn.

A 79-year old female developed symptomatic thrombocytopenia after combination therapy with azathioprine (75 mg/day) and allopurinol (100 mg/day) – after allopurinol had been stopped. Concentrations of the myelotoxic 6-TGN of azathioprine were increased. Thrombocyte counts normalized within 8 days of discontinuation of azathioprine.

Intense immunoallergic reactions were likely triggers of MS in the current case. A possibility of DIAIH should be considered in cases of DILI which exhibit overt jaundice, autoantibodies, intense histological inflammation, and a long latency period.