The cover image is based on the articles Closing the gap between biology and classification in splenic B-cell lymphomas by Piers Blombery et al., https://doi.org/10.1111/his.15323; Diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: an overview of the current genomic classification, diagnostic approaches, and future directions by Wencke Walter et al., https://doi.org/10.1111/his.15338 and Dedicated diagnostic approaches for mature B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas occurring in children, adolescents, and young adults by Ana C Xavier et al., https://doi.org/10.1111/his.15362.

Accurate diagnosis of haematolymphoid malignancies is necessary for effective cancer care globally, but low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) face major limitations in diagnostic services and processes. We report on the progress and recommendations to enhance the global applicability of haematolymphoid classification systems and improve outcomes for patients in LMICs.

Age-specific biologic features on B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

Schematic representation of various molecular alterations relevant to lymphoid and myeloid neoplasms and the different techniques that can be used for detection.

Workflows of artificial intelligence implementations in haematopathology from diagnostic assistance tools (A) to exploratory approaches (B).

A clinicopathological perspective on the current challenges of splenic lymphoma classification and how to potentially integrate multi-omic data to improve diagnosis.

In this review we discuss the gaps in the current follicular lymphoma (FL) in terms of diagnosis and understanding of the underlying functional biology that can predict clinical course and response to therapy. This review intends to be a first step and an interactive platform to a collaborative roadmap towards better understanding and care of FL.

Aggressive lymphomas represent a spectrum of disease entities, defined using clinical, histological, and molecular features. Gene expression and genetic profiling data add further granularity, but consensus is lacking on how these should be applied. We discuss a pragmatic approach to the evolving molecular classification in clinical trials and routine practice.

This review article provides a pathological, genetic, immunological and clinical perspective on the new World Health Organisation classification of immune deficiency and dysregulation-associated lymphoproliferations and lymphomas (IDD-LPD).

High-throughput genomic and transcriptomic analyses refine current peripheral T cell lymphoma (PTCL) classification and deepen biological insights to support the development of targeted therapies. Patient-specific molecular and functional characterisation enables more precise and even personalised treatments in PTCL.

This review covers diagnostic criteria and procedures for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), the role of emerging technologies and biomarkers in refining diagnostic precision, and the potential impact of future innovations on the diagnosis and management of ALL.

Molecular testing has become state of the art in the diagnostic work-up of myeloid neoplasms and molecular features have been incorporated into their classification, together with clinicopathological features. Molecular patterns can inherently help to classify overlapping entities if considered within a framework of haematological presentations.

Current MDS and AML classifications are based on a hierarchical interplay of morphology (green) and genetics (blue). In future, disease classification could be based primarily on unbiased clustering analysis of genetic aberrations, gene expression and methylation profile; morphology and ontogeny would be separate qualifiers that further inform therapeutic decisionmaking.