Not infrequently pathologists encounter cases in which the diagnosis of pleomorphic adenoma may prove difficult. In such cases, the diagnostic dilemma can be solved by asking three practical questions. However, due to the morphological diversity of pleomorphic adenoma there are pitfalls that make it difficult to give clear answers to these questions.

In this study, we present the largest series of head and neck rhabdomyosarcoma harboring TFCP2 fusions. These tumors have a strong predilection for skeleton, a spindle and epithelioid phenotype, and a poor outcome. They often express ALK, myogenic and epithelial markers.