Maternal condition during gestation was unassociated with maternal cortisol or DHEAS. Late gestation maternal and neonatal hair cortisol concentrations were not correlated. Fetal cortisol exposure was positively related to neonatal body mass.

Group living social Pan species show higher food neophobia than the solitary Pongo species. Immature apes (Pan- & Pongo spp) take longer at tasting novel food. Chimpanzees were more likely to taste novel food in a group setting than when tested alone.

Across 120 captive chimpanzees in 17 groups of various sizes, within-group age ranges, and percentages of males, chimpanzees in groups of 7 or more individuals and at least half males exhibited the highest levels of affiliative behavior. Chimpanzees in groups with a larger age range exhibited more locomotion and less inactivity compared to chimpanzees in groups with smaller age-ranges. Lastly, chimpanzees in groups of 7 or more individuals with less than half males exhibited higher levels of locomotion compared to those in other group sizes and compositions. These findings help to define functionally appropriate captive environments (FACEs), and can be applied to a variety of captive settings, including zoos, laboratories, and sanctuaries.

Rotavirus seropositivity in rhesus macaques is associated with diarrhea with secondary decompensation during the past 6 months. No significant relationship was found between rotavirus antigen and symptomatic diarrhea with secondary decompensation.

Red-ruffed lemurs use scent-marking behaviors to convey information about sex, female age and rank. They show sexual dimorphism in scent-marking behavior. Neck-marking plays defensive territorial functions and ano-genital marking is related to socio-sexual communication.