Cover Illustration: 3D IMARIS render of Airyscan confocal z stack image showing the GFP microglia (green) processes diving into the diffuse amyloid plaque shell stained with anti-Aβ antibody D54D2 (red). Activated microglia interacts here with the plaque in two ways: with soma going deep into the plaque, and with thin processes which are intertwined in looser amyloid layers. (See Gotkiewicz, M., et al, https://doi.org/10.1002/glia.24628)

• Müller glia-mediated retinal regeneration is robust in fish, diminished in birds, and absent in mammals.
• In this review, we summarize the cell-signaling pathways, the influence of immune cells and gene networks that influence the reprogramming of Müller glia and retinal regeneration.

• Leptin alleviated LPS-induced A1 astrocytes activation both in vitro and in vivo.
• Leptin reduced the neuroinflammation via inhibiting p38-MAPK signaling pathway.

• We analyze myelin purified from mouse CNS tissue by quantitative proteomics.
• The protein composition of myelin matures between P18 and P75.
• Regional heterogeneity but no sex-dependent divergence of the CNS myelin proteome.

• Astrocytes, neurons and neural organoids from AxD patient-derived iPS cells show impaired neural differentiation and altered lineage commitment.
• Neuron/astrocyte co-cultures and neural organoids from AxD iPS cells are more susceptible to stress.

• Type I interferons (IFNs-I) from ZIKV-infected neurons shape the reactivity of non-infected microglia
• PKR activates microglia's phagocytic, pro-inflammatory and morphological response inducing STAT1 phosphorylation and IRF1 expression

• We have tested if mitochondrial substrates of Acetyl CoA generation (e.g. glucose-derivated pyruvate, amino acids, fatty acids) are required for lipid synthesis in myelinating Schwann cells using a knockout of the ATP citrate lyase (Acly) gene.

• Carns1-KO mice lack histidine dipeptides in oligodendrocytes and are more susceptible to demyelination and oxidative stress.
• Carns1-KO mice show altered behavior and higher NADPH due to compensatory acceleration of the pentose phosphate pathway.

• OPC populations play a role in neocortical vessel density.
• OPC migration occurs independently of blood vessels, primarily along radial glial cells processes.
• OPC secretions promote endothelial cell growth.

• Inflammation exacerbates phagocytic clearance of αSyn PFFs in human microglia.
• Inflammatory environment impairs mitochondrial function while modulating protein degradation.

• Neuraminidase-induced neuroinflammation triggers long-term microglial priming.
• Moderate CSF1R inhibition reverts microglial priming to a homeostatic phenotype, with only a partial and transient depletion of the microglial population.

• Microglia interact differently with diffuse and fibrillar plaques.
• Microglia aim their enlarged processes through the diffuse amyloid layer to the fibrillar core and cover it.
• ApoE forms a layer between the plaque core and the microglia processes.

• The antipsychotic drug chlorpromazine inhibits Kv1.3 channel activity in microglia of the medial prefrontal cortex.
• Chlorpromazine ameliorates microglial activation and the associated behavioral changes induced by lipopolysaccharide.