Inflammatory, nasal and sinonasal diseases, including allergic rhinitis (AR) and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), are characterized by typical nasal symptoms and type 2 inflammation in the nasal mucosa. These diseases affect approximately one-third of the general population and pose a substantial global health and economic burden. AR and CRS are highly heterogeneous, and the underlying mechanisms are not clear.

Although previous studies have explored multiple candidate indicators for diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis, further research still needs to be conducted. For instance, there is a need for further research clarifying the pathogenesis and development of personalized treatments. Inflammatory mediators, including cytokines, chemokines, inflammasomes, metabolites, and exosomes have been demonstrated to be pivotal in many physiological processes, including inflammatory and immune responses. Inflammatory mediators are also essential in mechanisms implicated in inflammatory nasal and sinonasal diseases. However, little is known about the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of these clinical disorders.

The main aim of this Special Issue is to improve the current knowledge of the role of inflammatory mediators in nasal and sinonasal diseases. Submissions should discuss the clinical value of inflammatory mediators and personalized therapeutic approaches. We welcome both original research and review articles.

Potential topics include but are not limited to the following:

• Inflammatory mediators in inflammatory nasal and sinonasal diseases
• Clinical immunology in inflammatory nasal and sinonasal diseases
• Inflammatory biomarkers in distinguishing CRS endotypes and predicting its recurrence
• The role and mechanism of different immune cells in CRS and AR
• Immunotherapy and surgical treatment for CRS and AR
• Biomarkers predicting efficacy of treatments for CRS and AR
• Regulation of inflammatory mediators in AR patients treated with immunotherapy
• Non-coding RNAs in inflammatory nasal and sinonasal diseases
• Peripheral blood and nasal secretion derived exosomes in inflammatory nasal and sinonasal diseases
• The role of lipid metabolism in inflammatory nasal and sinonasal diseases
• Exploring the molecular mechanisms of eosinophilic inflammation in AR and CRS