This study is aimed to examine resting functional interactions and the complex network organization of these interactions across the whole brain in 69 obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) subjects, relative to 82 control subjects. OSA subjects showed significantly altered functional connectivity in various brain regions regulating autonomic, affective, executive, sensorimotor, and cognitive functions and entire functional brain network in OSA emerged significantly less efficient integration. Previous studies in OSA showed altered functional responses to evoked autonomic, motor, or ventilatory challenges; the findings here suggest that the dysfunction extends to resting conditions, and the altered connectivity and impaired network organization may underlie the impaired responses in cognitive, autonomic, and sensorimotor functions.

Self-reported short total sleep time was more strongly associated with depression in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) than matched controls. Short sleep may be an important marker, predictor, or consequence of depression severity in patients with PD.

In obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) subjects, the hippocampus showed disrupted functional connectivity (FC) with the thalamus, para-hippocampal gyrus, medial and superior temporal gyrus, insula, and posterior cingulate cortex. Left and right caudate nuclei showed impaired FC with the bilateral inferior frontal gyrus and right angular gyrus. These altered limbic-striatal-cortical FC in OSA showed linear relationships with sleep and neuropsychological variables.

Using the Human Connectome Project dataset, self-reported habitual short sleep duration (<6 hr/night) is shown to be one of the most informative behavioral characteristics underlying resting brain functional connectivity. Characteristic and reproducible findings differ with reported daytime dysfunction, and suggest that individuals who sleep less than six hours a night, even among those who deny daytime sleepiness, may be dependent on environmental stimulation to sustain wakefulness.

Our study explored possible gender differences in factors related to poor sleep quality in patients with MS multiple sclerosis. We found that depression and anxiety contributed to poor sleep quality in women, but pain did so in men. Our findings highlight the need to apply gender-specific approaches to the treatment of sleep disorders.

We performed a systematic review to study if reliable and plausible pre-screening methods for SDB after stroke exist for optimal targeting of diagnostic tests and, thus, better treatment and prevention of re-events. To our knowledge, this is the first systematic review on SDB pre-screening methods in acute and subacute stroke patients.

To assess the impact of sleep deprivation on static functional connectivity in the frontal lobe, functional near-infrared spectroscopy and graph theoretical analysis were utilized before and after 24 hr sleep deprivation in healthy young male participants. Deprivation of sleep resulted in a significantly smaller task-related decrease in the number of functional connections that correlated with decreased performance in the paired association learning test. These results indicate the global impact of sleep deprivation on functional brain networks in the frontal lobes.

We found that the incidence rate of poor sleep quality is significantly higher in PSA patients than in non-PSA patients. Poor sleep quality before stroke is independently associated with the development of PSA, even after adjustment for several conventional confounders. These findings suggested poor sleep quality before stroke could provide important predictive information for anxiety after acute ischemic stroke.

We conducted the study to describe the characteristics of sleep problems in a sample of Taiwanese PD patients and delineate the difference with reported sleep disturbances in Caucasian PD patients from the literature. We found that Taiwanese patients with PD had a lower prevalence of EDS compared with Caucasian patients. We identify and suggest that PDSS total score, rather than subcategory items, should be used to predict poor sleep among patients with PD.

These findings suggest that the selective impairments of the anterior corpus callosum may help clarify the neural correlates of cognitive deficits in obstructive sleep apnea.

Early diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is challenging as such; there is a growing interest in detecting early brain markers of ASD. Here, we examine the EEG of nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep in the transition from infancy to toddlerhood. We found topographically distinct decreased fast theta oscillations (5–7.25 Hz), decreased fast sigma (15–16 Hz), and increased beta oscillations (20–25 Hz) in ASD.

We found that acute sleep deprivation could increase BDNF protein expression and downstream TrkB/PLCγ1 activation robustly in the basal forebrain area. Microinjection of BDNF into basal forebrain could further activate TrkB/PLCγ1 signaling and reverse the decline in fear memory consolidation. Moreover, microinjection of TrkB receptor antagonist ANA-12 could aggravate sleep deprivation-induced memory impairments.

Recent data disclose that melatonin prevents seizures in animal models and could be effective and safe for decreasing epileptic manifestations in humans. This study indicated that the addition of melatonin to a routine antiepileptic regimen was effective in reducing the severity of epilepsy; it seems that melatonin can be used as an adjunct therapy for idiopathic generalized tonic-clonic epilepsy in well-defined circumstances.

The present study highlights that a significant proportion of healthcare workers are affected by poor sleep quality and psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic. It also emphasizes the imperative to provide them with psychosocial support to avoid potential short- and long-term psychological consequences of these troubling times.

The functional connectivity within the DMN was associated with hypoxemia severity, as revealed by apnea-hypopnea index, oxygen desaturation index, and nadir SaO₂ (%), rather than with degree of sleep disruption, as shown by sleep efficiency and wake after sleep onset.

This study examines the association between impulse control disorders (ICDs) and nondopaminergic medications and sleep disorders in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Our results suggest that nondopaminergic drugs commonly used for PD may be associated with ICDs. We did not identify a relationship between ICDs and polysomnography-confirmed sleep disorders in patients with PD.

Using graph theory assessment and functional connectivity density (FCD) methods to investigate the insomnia-related alterations to the intrinsic connectome in patients with CID patients, we found that insufficient sleep during chronic insomnia widely affects cortical functional activities, including disrupted FCD and increased short-range FCD, which is associated with poor sleep quality.

The sleep quality of PD patients was generally decreased. CPC analysis is able to reflect the subjective sleep quality of the PD patients and can be used as an effective means of sleep monitoring.