Volume 33, Issue 9 e14238

ORIGINAL ARTICLE

United European Gastroenterology (UEG) and European Society for Neurogastroenterology and Motility (ESNM) consensus on functional dyspepsia

Lucas Wauters,

Lucas Wauters

Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

Search for more papers by this author

Ram Dickman,

Ram Dickman

orcid.org/0000-0002-6477-2849

Division of Gastroenterology, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikwa, Israel

Search for more papers by this author

Vasile Drug,

Vasile Drug

University of Medicine and Pharmacy Gr T Popa Iasi and University Hospital St Spiridon, Iasi, Romania

Search for more papers by this author

Agata Mulak,

Agata Mulak

orcid.org/0000-0003-4678-8393

Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland

Search for more papers by this author

Jordi Serra,

Jordi Serra

University Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Badalona, Spain

Search for more papers by this author

Paul Enck,

Paul Enck

Department of Internal Medicine VI: Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany

Search for more papers by this author

Jan Tack,

Corresponding Author

Jan Tack

[email protected]

orcid.org/0000-0002-3206-6704

Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

Correspondence

Jan Tack MD, PhD, Division of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.

Email: [email protected]

Search for more papers by this author

ESNM FD Consensus Group,

ESNM FD Consensus Group

Search for more papers by this author

Anna Accarino,

Anna Accarino

CIBERehd and Departament de Medicina, Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall D'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain

Search for more papers by this author

Giovanni Barbara,

Giovanni Barbara

Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy

Search for more papers by this author

Serhat Bor,

Serhat Bor

Division of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey

Search for more papers by this author

Benoit Coffin,

Benoit Coffin

Université de Paris and AP-HP Hôpital Louis Mourier, Paris, France

Search for more papers by this author

Maura Corsetti,

Maura Corsetti

NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK

Search for more papers by this author

Heiko De Schepper,

Heiko De Schepper

Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium

Search for more papers by this author

Dan Dumitrascu,

Dan Dumitrascu

2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania

Search for more papers by this author

Adam Farmer,

Adam Farmer

Wingate Institute of Neurogastroenterology, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK

Search for more papers by this author

Guillaume Gourcerol,

Guillaume Gourcerol

Physiology Department, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France

Search for more papers by this author

Goran Hauser,

Goran Hauser

Medical Faculty Rijeka, University of Rijeka and Clinical Hospital Centre Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia

Search for more papers by this author

Trygve Hausken,

Trygve Hausken

Department of Gastroenterology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway

Search for more papers by this author

George Karamanolis,

George Karamanolis

Gastroentrology Unit, Aretaieio Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece

Search for more papers by this author

Daniel Keszthelyi,

Daniel Keszthelyi

Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands

Search for more papers by this author

Carolin Malagelada,

Carolin Malagelada

CIBERehd and Departament de Medicina, Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall D'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain

Search for more papers by this author

Tomislav Milosavljevic,

Tomislav Milosavljevic

Department of Gastroenterology, Euromedik Hospital Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia

Search for more papers by this author

Jean Muris,

Jean Muris

Department of General Practice, Caphri Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands

Search for more papers by this author

Colm O’Morain,

Colm O’Morain

Department of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin and National Clinical Lead for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Royal College Physicians Ireland, Dublin, Ireland

Search for more papers by this author

Athanassos Papathanasopoulos,

Athanassos Papathanasopoulos

Private Practice, Ioannina, Greece

Search for more papers by this author

Daniel Pohl,

Daniel Pohl

Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

Search for more papers by this author

Diana Rumyantseva,

Diana Rumyantseva

I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia

Search for more papers by this author

Giovanni Sarnelli,

Giovanni Sarnelli

Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy

Search for more papers by this author

Edoardo Savarino,

Edoardo Savarino

Gastroenterology Unit, Departmento of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy

Search for more papers by this author

Jolien Schol,

Jolien Schol

Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

Search for more papers by this author

Arkady Sheptulin,

Arkady Sheptulin

I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia

Search for more papers by this author

Annemieke Smet,

Annemieke Smet

Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics and InflA−Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium

Search for more papers by this author

Andreas Stengel,

Andreas Stengel

Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Internal Medicine VI, University Hospital Tübingen, and Charité Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Tübingen, Germany

Department for Psychosomatic Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany

Center of Endoscopy, Starnberg, Germany

Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany

Search for more papers by this author

Olga Storonova,

Olga Storonova

I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia

Search for more papers by this author

Martin Storr,

Martin Storr

Department for Psychosomatic Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany

Search for more papers by this author

Hans Törnblom,

Hans Törnblom

Department of Internal Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden

Search for more papers by this author

Tim Vanuytsel,

Tim Vanuytsel

Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

Search for more papers by this author

Monica Velosa,

Monica Velosa

Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel

Search for more papers by this author

Marek Waluga,

Marek Waluga

Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland

Search for more papers by this author

Natalia Zarate,

Natalia Zarate

Gastrointestinal Physiology Unit, University College London Hospital, London, UK

Search for more papers by this author

Frank Zerbib,

Frank Zerbib

CHU de Bordeaux, Centre Medico-chirurgical Magellan, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque and Gastroenterology Department, Université de Bordeaux, INSERM CIC, Bordeaux, France

Search for more papers by this author

Lucas Wauters,

Lucas Wauters

Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

Search for more papers by this author

Ram Dickman,

Ram Dickman

orcid.org/0000-0002-6477-2849

Division of Gastroenterology, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikwa, Israel

Search for more papers by this author

Vasile Drug,

Vasile Drug

University of Medicine and Pharmacy Gr T Popa Iasi and University Hospital St Spiridon, Iasi, Romania

Search for more papers by this author

Agata Mulak,

Agata Mulak

orcid.org/0000-0003-4678-8393

Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland

Search for more papers by this author

Jordi Serra,

Jordi Serra

University Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Badalona, Spain

Search for more papers by this author

Paul Enck,

Paul Enck

Department of Internal Medicine VI: Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany

Search for more papers by this author

Jan Tack,

Corresponding Author

Jan Tack

[email protected]

orcid.org/0000-0002-3206-6704

Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

Correspondence

Jan Tack MD, PhD, Division of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.

Email: [email protected]

Search for more papers by this author

ESNM FD Consensus Group,

ESNM FD Consensus Group

Search for more papers by this author

Anna Accarino,

Anna Accarino

CIBERehd and Departament de Medicina, Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall D'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain

Search for more papers by this author

Giovanni Barbara,

Giovanni Barbara

Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy

Search for more papers by this author

Serhat Bor,

Serhat Bor

Division of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey

Search for more papers by this author

Benoit Coffin,

Benoit Coffin

Université de Paris and AP-HP Hôpital Louis Mourier, Paris, France

Search for more papers by this author

Maura Corsetti,

Maura Corsetti

NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK

Search for more papers by this author

Heiko De Schepper,

Heiko De Schepper

Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium

Search for more papers by this author

Dan Dumitrascu,

Dan Dumitrascu

2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania

Search for more papers by this author

Adam Farmer,

Adam Farmer

Wingate Institute of Neurogastroenterology, Barts and London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK

Search for more papers by this author

Guillaume Gourcerol,

Guillaume Gourcerol

Physiology Department, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France

Search for more papers by this author

Goran Hauser,

Goran Hauser

Medical Faculty Rijeka, University of Rijeka and Clinical Hospital Centre Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia

Search for more papers by this author

Trygve Hausken,

Trygve Hausken

Department of Gastroenterology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway

Search for more papers by this author

George Karamanolis,

George Karamanolis

Gastroentrology Unit, Aretaieio Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece

Search for more papers by this author

Daniel Keszthelyi,

Daniel Keszthelyi

Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands

Search for more papers by this author

Carolin Malagelada,

Carolin Malagelada

CIBERehd and Departament de Medicina, Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall D'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain

Search for more papers by this author

Tomislav Milosavljevic,

Tomislav Milosavljevic

Department of Gastroenterology, Euromedik Hospital Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia

Search for more papers by this author

Jean Muris,

Jean Muris

Department of General Practice, Caphri Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands

Search for more papers by this author

Colm O’Morain,

Colm O’Morain

Department of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin and National Clinical Lead for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Royal College Physicians Ireland, Dublin, Ireland

Search for more papers by this author

Athanassos Papathanasopoulos,

Athanassos Papathanasopoulos

Private Practice, Ioannina, Greece

Search for more papers by this author

Daniel Pohl,

Daniel Pohl

Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

Search for more papers by this author

Diana Rumyantseva,

Diana Rumyantseva

I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia

Search for more papers by this author

Giovanni Sarnelli,

Giovanni Sarnelli

Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy

Search for more papers by this author

Edoardo Savarino,

Edoardo Savarino

Gastroenterology Unit, Departmento of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy

Search for more papers by this author

Jolien Schol,

Jolien Schol

Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

Search for more papers by this author

Arkady Sheptulin,

Arkady Sheptulin

I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia

Search for more papers by this author

Annemieke Smet,

Annemieke Smet

Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics and InflA−Med Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium

Search for more papers by this author

Andreas Stengel,

Andreas Stengel

Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Internal Medicine VI, University Hospital Tübingen, and Charité Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Tübingen, Germany

Department for Psychosomatic Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany

Center of Endoscopy, Starnberg, Germany

Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany

Search for more papers by this author

Olga Storonova,

Olga Storonova

I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia

Search for more papers by this author

Martin Storr,

Martin Storr

Department for Psychosomatic Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany

Search for more papers by this author

Hans Törnblom,

Hans Törnblom

Department of Internal Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden

Search for more papers by this author

Tim Vanuytsel,

Tim Vanuytsel

Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

Search for more papers by this author

Monica Velosa,

Monica Velosa

Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel

Search for more papers by this author

Marek Waluga,

Marek Waluga

Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland

Search for more papers by this author

Natalia Zarate,

Natalia Zarate

Gastrointestinal Physiology Unit, University College London Hospital, London, UK

Search for more papers by this author

Frank Zerbib,

Frank Zerbib

CHU de Bordeaux, Centre Medico-chirurgical Magellan, Hôpital Haut-Lévêque and Gastroenterology Department, Université de Bordeaux, INSERM CIC, Bordeaux, France

Search for more papers by this author

First published: 29 September 2021

https://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.14238

Citations: 16

These guidelines were developed with the support of a UEG Activity Grant.

This article is published simultaneously in United European Gastroenterology Journal and Neurogastroenterology and Mobility.

Share a link

Email
Wechat
Bluesky

Abstract

Background

Functional dyspepsia (FD) is one of the most common conditions in clinical practice. In spite of its prevalence, FD is associated with major uncertainties in terms of its definition, underlying pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis.

Methods

A Delphi consensus was initiated with 41 experts from 22 European countries who conducted a literature summary and voting process on 87 statements. Quality of evidence was evaluated using the grading of recommendations, assessment, development, and evaluation (GRADE) criteria. Consensus (defined as >80% agreement) was reached for 36 statements.

Results

The panel agreed with the definition in terms of its cardinal symptoms (early satiation, postprandial fullness, epigastric pain, and epigastric burning), its subdivision into epigastric pain syndrome and postprandial distress syndrome, and the presence of accessory symptoms (upper abdominal bloating, nausea, belching), and overlapping conditions. Also, well accepted are the female predominance of FD, its impact on quality of life and health costs, and acute gastrointestinal infections, and anxiety as risk factors. In terms of pathophysiological mechanisms, the consensus supports a role for impaired gastric accommodation, delayed gastric emptying, hypersensitivity to gastric distention, Helicobacter pylori infection, and altered central processing of signals from the gastroduodenal region. There is consensus that endoscopy is mandatory for establishing a firm diagnosis of FD, but that in primary care, patients without alarm symptoms or risk factors can be managed without endoscopy. There is consensus that H. pylori status should be determined in every patient with dyspeptic symptoms and H. pylori positive patients should receive eradication therapy. Also, proton pump inhibitor therapy is considered an effective therapy for FD, but no other treatment approach reached a consensus. The long-term prognosis and life expectancy are favorable.

Conclusions and Inferences

A multinational group of European experts summarized the current state of consensus on the definition, diagnosis and management of FD.

AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS

Drafted consensus questions, drafted literature review sections, set up the voting and summaries access, participated in voting, summarized voting outcomes, reviewed and corrected the manuscript: L. Wauters. Drafted consensus questions, drafted literature review sections, participated in voting, reviewed and corrected the manuscript: R. Dickman. Drafted consensus questions, drafted literature review sections, participated in voting, reviewed and corrected the manuscript: V. Drug. Drafted consensus questions, drafted literature review sections, participated in voting, reviewed and corrected the manuscript: A. Mulak. Drafted consensus questions, drafted literature review sections, participated in voting, reviewed and corrected the manuscript: J. Serra. Co-initiated the process, obtained funding, drafted consensus questions, drafted literature review sections, participated in voting, reviewed and corrected manuscript content: P. Enck. Co-initiated the process, drafted consensus questions, drafted literature review sections, wrote manuscript sections, participated in voting, wrote manuscript, reviewed and corrected content: J. Tack. Drafted consensus questions, wrote manuscript sections, participated in voting, reviewed and corrected content: All members of the ESNM FD consensus group (A. Accarino, G. Barbara, S. Bor, B. Coffin, M. Corsetti, H. De Schepper, D. Dumitrascu, A. Farmer, G. Gourcerol, G. Hauser, T. Hausken, G. Karamanolis, D. Kestzhelyi, C. Malagelada, T. Milosavljevic, J. Muris, C. O'Morain, A. Papathanasopoulos, D. Pohl, D. Rumyantseva, G. Sarnelli, E. Savarino, J. Schol, A. Sheptulin, A. Smet, A. Stengel, O. Storonova, M. Storr, H. Törnblom, T. Vanuytsel, M. Velosa, M. Waluga, N. Zarate, F. Zerbib).

REFERENCES

1Stanghellini V, Talley N, Chan F, Hasler B, Malagelada J, Suzuki H, et al. Functional gastroduodenal disorders. Gastroenterology. 2016; 150(6): 1380-92.
10.1053/j.gastro.2016.02.011
PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
2Sperber AD, Bangdiwala SI, Drossman DA, Ghoshal UC, Simren M, Tack J, et al. Worldwide prevalence and burden of functional gastrointestinal disorders, results of Rome foundation global study. Gastroenterology. 2020; S0016-5085:30487. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2020.04.014
Google Scholar
3Tack J, Talley NJ. Functional dyspepsia−symptoms, definitions and validity of the Rome III criteria. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2013; 10: 134-41.
10.1038/nrgastro.2013.14
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
4Ford AC, Marwaha A, Lim A, Moayyedi P. What is the prevalence of clinically significant endoscopic findings in subjects with dyspepsia? Systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2010; 8(10): 830-7.
10.1016/j.cgh.2010.05.031
PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
5Vakil N, Moayyedi P, Fennerty MB, Talley NJ. Limited value of alarm features in the diagnosis of upper gastrointestinal malignancy: systematic review and meta-analysis. Gastroenterology. 2006; 131(2): 390-401.
10.1053/j.gastro.2006.04.029
PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
6Tack J, Camilleri M. New developments in the treatment of gastroparesis and functional dyspepsia. Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2018; 43: 111-7.
10.1016/j.coph.2018.08.015
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
7Van den Houte K, Carbone F, Tack J. Postprandial distress syndrome: stratification and management. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019; 3(4): 337-43.
Google Scholar
8Mullen PM. Delphi: myths and reality. J Health Organ Manag. 2003; 17: 37-52.
10.1108/14777260310469319
PubMed Google Scholar
9Balshem H, Helfand M, Schunemann HJ, et al. GRADE guidelines: 3. Rating the quality of evidence. J Clin Epidemiol. 2011; 64: 401-6.
10.1016/j.jclinepi.2010.07.015
PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
10Tack J, Talley NJ, Camilleri M, Holtmann G, Hu P, Malagelada JR, et al. Functional gastroduodenal disorders. Gastroenterology. 2006; 130(5): 1466-79.
10.1053/j.gastro.2005.11.059
PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
11Van den Houte K, Carbone F, Goelen N, Schol J, Masuy I, Arts J, et al. Effects of Rome IV definitions of functional dyspepsia subgroups in secondary care. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020; 620: S1542-3565. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2020.06.043. Online ahead of print.30906-X
Google Scholar
12Enck P, Azpiroz F, Boeckxstaens G, Elsenbruch S, Feinle-Bisset C, Holtmann G, et al. Functional dyspepsia. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2017; 3:17081.
10.1038/nrdp.2017.81
PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
13Geeraerts A, Van Houtte B, Clevers E, Geysen H, Vanuytsel T, Tack J, et al. Gastroesophageal reflux disease-functional dyspepsia overlap: do birds of a feather flock together? Am J Gastroenterol. 2020; 115(8): 1167-82.
10.14309/ajg.0000000000000619
PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
14Pleyer C, Bittner H, Locke GR, 3rd, Choung RS, Zinsmeister AR, Schleck CD, et al. Overdiagnosis of gastro-esophageal reflux disease and underdiagnosis of functional dyspepsia in a USA community. Neuro Gastroenterol Motil. 2014; 26(8): 1163-71.
10.1111/nmo.12377
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
15Quigley EM, Lacy BE. Overlap of functional dyspepsia and GERD−-diagnostic and treatment implications. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2013; 10(3): 175-86.
10.1038/nrgastro.2012.253
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
16de Bortoli N, Tolone S, Frazzoni M, Martinucci I, Sgherri G, Albano E, et al. Gastroesophageal reflux disease, functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome: common overlapping gastrointestinal disorders. Ann Gastroenterol. 2018; 31(6): 639-48.
PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
17Ford AC, Marwaha A, Lim A, Moayyedi P. Systematic review and metA−analysis of the prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome in individuals with dyspepsia. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2010; 8(5): 401-9.
10.1016/j.cgh.2009.07.020
PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
18Tack J, Carbone F, Holvoet L, Vanheel H, Vanuytsel T, Vandenberghe A. The use of pictograms improves symptom evaluation by patients with functional dyspepsia. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2014; 40(5): 523-30.
10.1111/apt.12855
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
19Ford AC, Marwaha A, Sood R, Moayyedi P. Global prevalence of, and risk factors for, uninvestigated dyspepsia: a meta-analysis. Gut. 2015; 64(7): 1049-57.
10.1136/gutjnl-2014-307843
PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
20Tougas G, Chen Y, Hwang P, Liu MM, Eggleston A. Prevalence and impact of upper gastrointestinal symptoms in the Canadian population: findings from the DIGEST study. Domestic/International Gastroenterology Surveillance Study. Am J Gastroenterol. 1999; 94(10): 2845-54.
10.1111/j.1572-0241.1999.01427.x
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
21Li Y, Nie Y, Sha W, Su H. The link between psychosocial factors and functional dyspepsia: an epidemiological study. Chin Med J (Engl). 2002; 115(7): 1082-4.
PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
22Hirakawa K, Adachi K, Amano K, Katsube T, Ishihara S, Fukuda R, et al. Prevalence of non-ulcer dyspepsia in the Japanese population. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 1999; 14(11): 1083-7.
10.1046/j.1440-1746.1999.02012.x
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
23Futagami S, Itoh T, Sakamoto C. Systematic review with metA−analysis: post-infectious functional dyspepsia. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2015; 41(2): 177-88.
10.1111/apt.13006
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
24Porter CK, Faix DJ, Shiau D, Espiritu J, Espinosa BJ, Riddle MS. Postinfectious gastrointestinal disorders following norovirus outbreaks. Clin Infect Dis. 2012; 55(7): 915-22.
10.1093/cid/cis576
PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
25Dizdar V, Gilja OH, Hausken T. Increased visceral sensitivity in GiardiA−induced postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome and functional dyspepsia. Effect of the 5HT3-antagonist ondansetron. Neuro Gastroenterol Motil. 2007; 19(12): 977-82.
10.1111/j.1365-2982.2007.00988.x
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
26Ford AC, Thabane M, Collins SM, Moayyedi P, Garg AX, Clark WF, et al. Prevalence of uninvestigated dyspepsia 8 years after a large waterborne outbreak of bacterial dysentery: a cohort study. Gastroenterology. 2010; 138(5): 1727-36.
10.1053/j.gastro.2010.01.043
PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
27Tack J, Demedts I, Dehondt G, Caenepeel P, Fischler B, Zandecki M, et al. Clinical and pathophysiological characteristics of acute-onset functional dyspepsia. Gastroenterology. 2002; 122(7): 1738-47.
10.1053/gast.2002.33663
PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
28Shaib Y, El-Serag HB. The prevalence and risk factors of functional dyspepsia in a multiethnic population in the United States. Am J Gastroenterol. 2004; 99(11): 2210-6.
10.1111/j.1572-0241.2004.40052.x
PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
29Moayyedi P, Forman D, Braunholtz D, Feltbower R, Crocombe W, Liptrott M, et al. The proportion of upper gastrointestinal symptoms in the community associated with Helicobacter pylori, lifestyle factors, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Leeds HELP Study Group. Am J Gastroenterol. 2000; 95(6): 1448-55.
10.1111/j.1572-0241.2000.2126_1.x
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
30Holtmann G, Gschossmann J, Buenger L, Gerken G, Talley NJ. Do changes in visceral sensory function determine the development of dyspepsia during treatment with aspirin? Gastroenterology. 2002; 123(5): 1451-8.
10.1053/gast.2002.36556
PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
31Mahadeva S, Goh KL. Epidemiology of functional dyspepsia: a global perspective. World J Gastroenterol. 2006; 12(17): 2661-6.
10.3748/wjg.v12.i17.2661
PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
32Paula H, Grover M, Halder SL, Locke GR, 3rd, Schleck CD, Zinsmeister AR, et al. Non-enteric infections, antibiotic use, and risk of development of functional gastrointestinal disorders. Neuro Gastroenterol Motil. 2015; 27(11): 1580-6.
10.1111/nmo.12655
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
33Lacy BE, Everhart K, Crowell MD. Functional dyspepsia is associated with sleep disorders. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2011; 9(5): 410-4.
10.1016/j.cgh.2011.02.010
PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
34Quadri A, Vakil N. Health-related anxiety and the effect of open-access endoscopy in US patients with dyspepsia. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2003; 17(6): 835-40.
10.1046/j.1365-2036.2003.01497.x
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
35Mak AD, Wu JC, Chan Y, Chan FK, Sung JJ, Lee S. Dyspepsia is strongly associated with major depression and generalised anxiety disorder - a community study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2012; 36(8): 800-10.
10.1111/apt.12036
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
36Hu WH, Wong WM, Lam CL, Lam KF, Hui WM, Lai KC, et al. Anxiety but not depression determines health care-seeking behaviour in Chinese patients with dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome: a population-based study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2002; 16(12): 2081-8.
10.1046/j.1365-2036.2002.01377.x
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
37Mujakovic S, de Wit NJ, van Marrewijk CJ, Fransen GA, Laheij RJ, Muris JW, et al. Psychopathology is associated with dyspeptic symptom severity in primary care patients with a new episode of dyspepsia. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2009; 29(5): 580-8.
10.1111/j.1365-2036.2008.03909.x
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
38Van Oudenhove L, Vandenberghe J, Geeraerts B, Vos R, Persoons P, Fischler B, et al. Determinants of symptoms in functional dyspepsia: gastric sensorimotor function, psychosocial factors or somatisation? Gut. 2008; 57(12): 1666-73.
10.1136/gut.2008.158162
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
39Koloski NA, Jones M, Talley NJ. Evidence that independent gut-to-brain and brain-to-gut pathways operate in the irritable bowel syndrome and functional dyspepsia: a 1-year population-based prospective study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2016; 44(6): 592-600.
10.1111/apt.13738
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
40Aziz I, Palsson OS, Törnblom H, Sperber AD, Whitehead WE, Simrén M. Epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and associations for symptom-based Rome IV functional dyspepsia in adults in the USA, Canada, and the UK: a cross-sectional population-based study. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018; 3(4): 252-62.
10.1016/S2468-1253(18)30003-7
PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
41Aro P, Talley NJ, Ronkainen J, Storskrubb T, Vieth M, Johansson SE, et al. Anxiety is associated with uninvestigated and functional dyspepsia (Rome III criteria) in a Swedish population-based study. Gastroenterology. 2009; 137(1): 94-100.
10.1053/j.gastro.2009.03.039
PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
42Aro P, Talley NJ, Johansson SE, Agréus L, Ronkainen J. Anxiety is linked to new-onset dyspepsia in the Swedish population: a 10-year follow-up study. Gastroenterology. 2015; 148(5): 928-37.
10.1053/j.gastro.2015.01.039
PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
43Jones MP, Oudenhove LV, Koloski N, Tack J, Talley NJ. Early life factors initiate a ‘vicious circle’ of affective and gastrointestinal symptoms: a longitudinal study. United European Gastroenterol J. 2013; 1(5): 394-402.
10.1177/2050640613498383
PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
44De la RocA−Chiapas JM, Solís-Ortiz S, Fajardo-Araujo M, Sosa M, CórdovA−Fraga T, RosA−Zarate A. Stress profile, coping style, anxiety, depression, and gastric emptying as predictors of functional dyspepsia: a case-control study. J Psychosom Res. 2010; 68(1): 73-81.
10.1016/j.jpsychores.2009.05.013
PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
45Filipović BF, Randjelovic T, Ille T, Markovic O, Milovanović B, Kovacevic N, et al. Anxiety, personality traits and quality of life in functional dyspepsiA−suffering patients. Eur J Intern Med. 2013; 24(1): 83-6.
10.1016/j.ejim.2012.06.017
PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
46Ly HG, Weltens N, Tack J, Van Oudenhove L. Acute anxiety and anxiety disorders are associated with impaired gastric accommodation in patients with functional dyspepsia. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2015; 13(9): 1584-91.e3.
10.1016/j.cgh.2015.03.032
PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
47Pinto-Sanchez MI, Ford AC, Avila CA, Verdu EF, Collins SM, Morgan D, et al. Anxiety and depression increase in a stepwise manner in parallel with multiple FGIDs and symptom severity and frequency. Am J Gastroenterol. 2015; 110(7): 1038-48.
10.1038/ajg.2015.128
PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
48Kindt S, Van Oudenhove L, Mispelon L, Caenepeel P, Arts J, Tack J. Longitudinal and cross-sectional factors associated with long-term clinical course in functional dyspepsia: a 5-year follow-up study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2011; 106(2): 340-8.
10.1038/ajg.2010.406
PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
49Bernersen B, Johnsen R, Straume B. Non-ulcer dyspepsia and peptic ulcer: the distribution in a population and their relation to risk factors. Gut. 1996; 38(6): 822-5.
10.1136/gut.38.6.822
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
50Zagari RM, Law GR, Fuccio L, Cennamo V, Gilthorpe MS, Forman D, et al. Epidemiology of functional dyspepsia and subgroups in the Italian general population: an endoscopic study. Gastroenterology. 2010; 138(4): 1302-11.
10.1053/j.gastro.2009.12.057
PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
51Olafsdottir LB, Gudjonsson H, Jonsdottir HH, Thjodleifsson B. Natural history of functional dyspepsia: a 10-year population-based study. Digestion. 2010; 81(1): 53-61.
10.1159/000243783
PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
52Talley NJ, Zinsmeister AR, Schleck CD, Melton LJ, 3rd. Smoking, alcohol, and analgesics in dyspepsia and among dyspepsia subgroups: lack of an association in a community. Gut. 1994; 35(5): 619-24.
10.1136/gut.35.5.619
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
53Haque M, Wyeth JW, Stace NH, Talley NJ, Green R. Prevalence, severity and associated features of gastro-oesophageal reflux and dyspepsia: a population-based study. N Z Med J. 2000; 113(1110): 178-81.
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
54Chang FY, Chen PH, Wu TC, Pan WH, Chang HY, Wu SJ, et al. Prevalence of functional gastrointestinal disorders in Taiwan: questionnaire-based survey for adults based on the Rome III criteria. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2012; 21(4): 594-600.
PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
55Lacy BE, Weiser KT, Kennedy AT, Crowell MD, Talley NJ. Functional dyspepsia: the economic impact to patients. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2013; 38(2): 170-7.
10.1111/apt.12355
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
56Brook RA, Kleinman NL, Choung RS, Melkonian AK, Smeeding JE, Talley NJ. Functional dyspepsia impacts absenteeism and direct and indirect costs. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2010; 8(6): 498-503.
10.1016/j.cgh.2010.03.003
PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
57Piessevaux H, de Winter B, Louis E, Muls V, de Looze D, Pelckmans P, et al. Dyspeptic symptoms in the general population: a factor and cluster analysis of symptom groupings. Neuro Gastroenterol Motil. 2009; 21(4): 378-88.
10.1111/j.1365-2982.2009.01262.x
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
58Mahadeva S, Ford AC. Clinical and epidemiological differences in functional dyspepsia between the East and the West. Neuro Gastroenterol Motil. 2016; 28(2): 167-74.
10.1111/nmo.12657
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
59Sander GB, Mazzoleni LE, Francesconi CF, Balbinotto G, Mazzoleni F, Wortmann AC, et al. Helicobacter eradication relief of dyspetic symptoms trial investigators. Influence of organic and functional dyspepsia on work productivity: the HEROES-DIP study. Value Health. 2011; 14(5 Suppl 1): S126-9.
10.1016/j.jval.2011.05.021
PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
60Hantoro IF, Syam AF, Mudjaddid E, Setiati S, Abdullah M. Factors associated with health-related quality of life in patients with functional dyspepsia. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2018; 16(1): 83.
10.1186/s12955-018-0913-z
PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
61Aro P, Talley NJ, Agréus L, Johansson SE, Bolling-Sternevald E, Storskrubb T, et al. Functional dyspepsia impairs quality of life in the adult population. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2011; 33(11): 1215-24.
10.1111/j.1365-2036.2011.04640.x
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
62Van Oudenhove L, Vandenberghe J, Vos R, Holvoet L, Demyttenaere K, Tack J. Risk factors for impaired health-related quality of life in functional dyspepsia. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2011; 33(2): 261-74.
10.1111/j.1365-2036.2010.04510.x
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
63Tack J, Piessevaux H, Coulie B, Caenepeel P, Janssens J. Role of impaired gastric accommodation to a meal in functional dyspepsia. Gastroenterology. 1998; 115: 1346-52.
10.1016/S0016-5085(98)70012-5
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
64Tack J, Caenepeel P, Fischler B, Piessevaux H, Janssens J. Symptoms accosiated with hypersensitivity to gastric distention in functional dyspepsia. Gastroenterology. 2001; 121: 526-35.
10.1053/gast.2001.27180
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
65Jones MP, Talley NJ, Eslick GD, Dubois D, Tack J. Community subgroups in dyspepsia and their association with weight loss. Am J Gastroenterol. 2008; 103(8): 2051-60.
10.1111/j.1572-0241.2008.01935.x
PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
66Tack J, Jones MP, Karamanolis G, Coulie B, Dubois D. Symptom pattern and pathophysiological correlates of weight loss in tertiary-referred functional dyspepsia. Neuro Gastroenterol Motil. 2010; 22(1): 29-35.
10.1111/j.1365-2982.2008.01240.x
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
67Tack J, Caenepeel P, Piessevaux H, Cuomo R, Janssens J. Assessment of meal-induced gastric accommodation by a satiety drinking test in health and in functional dyspepsia. Gut. 2003; 52: 1271-7.
10.1136/gut.52.9.1271
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
68Ford AC, Forman D, Bailey AG, Cook MB, Axon AT, Moayyedi P. Who consults with dyspepsia? Results from a longitudinal 10-yr follow-up study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2007; 102(5): 957-65.
10.1111/j.1572-0241.2007.01080.x
PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
69Ahlawat SK, Richard Locke G, Weaver AL, Farmer SA, Yawn BP, Talley NJ. Dyspepsia consulters and patterns of management: a population-based study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2005; 22(3): 251-9.
10.1111/j.1365-2036.2005.02525.x
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
70Westbrook JI, McIntosh J, Talley NJ. Factors associated with consulting medical or non-medical practitioners for dyspepsia: an australian population-based study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2000; 14(12): 1581-8.
10.1046/j.1365-2036.2000.00878.x
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
71Jones MP, Tack J, Van Oudenhove L, Walker MM, Holtmann G, Koloski NA, et al. Mood and anxiety disorders precede development of functional gastrointestinal disorders in patients but not in the population. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017; 15(7): 1014-20.
10.1016/j.cgh.2016.12.032
PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
72Hungin AP, Hill C, Raghunath A. Systematic review: frequency and reasons for consultation for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and dyspepsia. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2009; 30(4): 331-42.
10.1111/j.1365-2036.2009.04047.x
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
73Castillo EJ, Camilleri M, Locke GR, Burton DD, Stephens DA, Geno DM, et al. A community-based, controlled study of the epidemiology and pathophysiology of dyspepsia. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2004; 2(11): 985-96.
10.1016/S1542-3565(04)00454-9
PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
74Bisschops R, Karamanolis G, Arts J, Caenepeel P, Verbeke K, Janssens J, et al. Relationship between symptoms and ingestion of a meal in functional dyspepsia. Gut. 2008; 57(11): 1495-503.
10.1136/gut.2007.137125
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
75Mullan A, Kavanagh P, O'Mahony P, Joy T, Gleeson F, Gibney MJ. Food and nutrient intakes and eating patterns in functional and organic dyspepsia. Eur J Clin Nutr. 1994; 48(2): 97-105.
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
76Pilichiewicz AN, Horowitz M, Holtmann GJ, Talley NJ, Feinle-Bisset C. Relationship between symptoms and dietary patterns in patients with functional dyspepsia. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2009; 7(3): 317-22.
10.1016/j.cgh.2008.09.007
PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
77Carvalho RV, Lorena SL, Almeida JR, Mesquita MA. Food intolerance, diet composition, and eating patterns in functional dyspepsia patients. Dig Dis Sci. 2010; 55(1): 60-5.
10.1007/s10620-008-0698-8
PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
78Saito YA, Locke GR, 3rd, Weaver AL, Zinsmeister AR, Talley NJ. Diet and functional gastrointestinal disorders: a population-based case-control study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2005; 100(12): 2743-8.
10.1111/j.1572-0241.2005.00288.x
PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
79Duncanson KR, Talley NJ, Walker MM, Burrows TL. Food and functional dyspepsia: a systematic review. J Hum Nutr Diet. 2018; 31(3): 390-407.
10.1111/jhn.12506
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
80Malfertheiner P, Megraud F, O'Morain CA, Gisbert JP, Kuipers EJ, Axon AT, et al. European Helicobacter and microbiota study group and consensus panel. Management of Helicobacter pylori infection – the Maastricht V/Florence consensus report. Gut. 2017; 66(1): 6-30.
10.1136/gutjnl-2016-312288
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
81Sugano K, Tack J, Kuipers EJ, Graham DY, El-Omar EM, Miura S, et al. Faculty members of Kyoto Global Consensus Conference. Kyoto global consensus report on Helicobacter pylori gastritis. Gut; 64: 1353-67.
10.1136/gutjnl-2015-309252
PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
82Friedman LS. Helicobacter Pylori and nonulcer dyspepsia. NEJM. 1998; 339: 1928-30.
10.1056/NEJM199812243392611
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
83Troncon LEA, Bennett RJM, Ahluwalia NK, Thompson DG. Abnormal distribution of food during gastric emptying in functional dyspepsia patients. Gut. 1994; 35: 327-32.
10.1136/gut.35.3.327
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
84Gilja OH, Hausken T, Wilhelmsen I, Berstad A. Impaired accommodation of proximal stomach to a meal in functional dyspepsia. Dig Dis Sci. 1996; 41: 689-96.
10.1007/BF02213124
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
85Salet GAM, Samsom M, Roelofs JMM, van Berge Henegouwen GP, Smout AJPM, Akkermans LMA. Responses to gastric distention in functional dyspepsia. Gut. 1998; 42: 823-9.
10.1136/gut.42.6.823
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
86Boeckxstaens GE, Hirsch DP, van den Elzen BD, Heisterkamp SH, Tytgat GN. Impaired drinking capacity in patients with functional dyspepsia: relationship with proximal stomach function. Gastroenterology. 2001; 121(5): 1054-63.
10.1053/gast.2001.28656
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
87Bredenoord AJ, Chial HJ, Camilleri M, Mullan BP, Murray JA. Gastric accommodation and emptying in evaluation of patients with upper gastrointestinal symptoms. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2003; 1(4): 264-72.
10.1016/S1542-3565(03)00130-7
PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
88Lunding JA, Gilja OH, Hausken T, Bayati A, Mattsson H, Berstad A. Distension-induced gastric accommodation in functional dyspepsia: effect of autonomic manipulation. Neuro Gastroenterol Motil. 2007; 19(5): 365-75.
10.1111/j.1365-2982.2006.00896.x
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
89Steinsvik EK, Hausken T, Gilja OH. The ultrasound meal accommodation test in 509 patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2016 Jul; 51(7): 788-94.
10.3109/00365521.2016.1153138
PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
90Asano H, Tomita T, Nakamura K, Yamasaki T, Okugawa T, Kondo T, et al. Prevalence of gastric motility disorders in patients with functional dyspepsia. J Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2017; 23(3): 392-9.
10.5056/jnm16173
PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
91Vanheel H, Carbone F, Valvekens L, Simren M, Tornblom H, Vanuytsel T, et al. Pathophysiological abnormalities in functional dyspepsia subgroups according to the Rome III criteria. Am J Gastroenterol. 2017; 112(1): 132-40.
10.1038/ajg.2016.499
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
92Mundt MW, Samsom M. Fundal dysaccommodation in functional dyspepsia: heaD−to-head comparison between the barostat and three-dimensional ultrasonographic technique. Gut. 2006; 55(12): 1725-30.
10.1136/gut.2004.062836
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
93Caballero-Plasencia AM, Muros-Navarro MC, Martín-Ruiz JL, ValenzuelA−Barranco M, de los Reyes-García MC, Casado-Caballero FJ, et al. Dyspeptic symptoms and gastric emptying of solids in patients with functional dyspepsia. Role of Helicobacter pylori infection. Scand J Gastroenterol. 1995; 30(8): 745-51.
10.3109/00365529509096322
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
94Haag S, Talley NJ, Holtmann G. Symptom patterns in functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome: relationship to disturbances in gastric emptying and response to a nutrient challenge in consulters and non-consulters. Gut. 2004; 53(10): 1445-51.
10.1136/gut.2003.030049
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
95Pfeiffer A, Aronbayev J, Schmidt T, Wendl B, Pehl C, Kaess H. Gastric emptying, esophageal 24-hour pH and gastric potential difference measurements in non-ulcer dyspepsia. Gastroenterol Clin Biol. 1992; 16(5): 395-400.
CAS PubMed Google Scholar
96Quartero AO, de Wit NJ, Lodder AC, Numans ME, Smout AJ, Hoes AW. Disturbed soliD−phase gastric emptying in functional dyspepsia: a metA−analysis. Dig Dis Sci. 1998; 43(9): 2028-33.
10.1023/A:1018803129779
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
97Stanghellini V, Tosetti C, Paternico A, Barbara G, Morselli-Labate AM, Monetti N, et al. Risk indicators of delayed gastric emptying of solids in patients with functional dyspepsia. Gastroenterology. 1996; 110(4): 1036-42.
10.1053/gast.1996.v110.pm8612991
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
98Perri F, Clemente R, Festa V, Annese V, Quitadamo M, Rutgeerts P, et al. Patterns of symptoms in functional dyspepsia: role of Helicobacter pylori infection and delayed gastric emptying. Am J Gastroenterol. 1998; 93(11): 2082-8.
10.1111/j.1572-0241.1998.00597.x
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
99Sarnelli G, Caenepeel P, Geypens B, Janssens J, Tack J. Symptoms associated with delayed emptying of solids and liquids in functional dyspepsia. Am J Gastroenterol. 2003; 98: 783-8.
10.1111/j.1572-0241.2003.07389.x
PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
100Cuomo R, Sarnelli G, Grasso R, Alfieri M, Niccolai E, Pumpo R, et al. Functional dyspepsia symptoms, gastric emptying and satiety provocative test: analysis of relationships. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2001; 36: 1030-6.
10.1080/003655201750422611
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
101Delgado-Aros S, Camilleri M, Cremonini F, Ferber I, Stephens D, Burton DD. Contributions of gastric volumes and gastric emptying to meal size and postmeal symptoms in functional dyspepsia. Gastroenterology. 2004; 127(6): 1685-94.
10.1053/j.gastro.2004.09.006
PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
102Tominaga K, Higuchi K, Ochi M, Kadouchi K, Kawamura E, Tanigawa T, et al. Concurrent assessment of reservoir and emptying of the stomach for dyspepsia patients. Hepatogastroenterology. 2008; 55(82–83): 744-9.
PubMed Google Scholar
103Coffin B, Azpiroz F, Guarner F, Malagelada JR. Selective gastric hypersensitivity and reflex hyporeactivity in functional dyspepsia. Gastroenterology. 1994; 107(5): 1345-51.
10.1016/0016-5085(94)90536-3
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
104Mertz H, Fullerton S, Naliboff B, Mayer EA. Symptoms and visceral perception in severe functional and organic dyspepsia. Gut. 1998; 42: 814-22.
10.1136/gut.42.6.814
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
105Holtmann G, Gschossmann J, Neufang-Huber J, Gerken G, Talley NJ. Differences in gastric mechanosensory function after repeated ramp distensions in non-consulters with dyspepsia and healthy controls. Gut. 2000; 47: 332-6.
10.1136/gut.47.3.332
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
106Rhee PL, Kim YH, Son HJ, Kim JJ, Koh KC, Paik SW, et al. Evaluation of individual symptoms acannot predict presence of gastric hypersensitivity in functional dyspepsia. Dig. Dis. Sci. 2000. 2000; 45: 1680-4.
CAS Google Scholar
107Farré R, Vanheel H, Vanuytsel T, Masaoka T, Törnblom H, Simrén M, et al. Functional dyspepsia, hypersensitivity to postprandial distention correlates with meal-related symptom severity. Gastroenterology. 2013; 145(3): 566-73.
10.1053/j.gastro.2013.05.018
PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
108Simrén M, Törnblom H, Palsson OS, van Tilburg MA, Van Oudenhove L, Tack J, et al. visceral hypersensitivity is associated with GI symptom severity in functional GI disorders: consistent findings from five different patient cohorts. Gut. 2018; 67(2): 255-62.
10.1136/gutjnl-2016-312361
PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
109Talley NJ, Walker MM, Aro P, Ronkainen J, Storskrubb T, Hindley LA, et al. Non-ulcer dyspepsia and duodenal eosinophilia: an adult endoscopic population-based case-control study. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2007; 5(10): 1175-83.
10.1016/j.cgh.2007.05.015
PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
110Vanheel H, Vicario M, Vanuytsel T, Van Oudenhove L, Martinez C, Keita AV, et al. Impaired duodenal mucosal integrity and low-grade inflammation in functional dyspepsia. Gut. 2014; 63(2): 262-71.
10.1136/gutjnl-2012-303857
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
111Walker MM, Aggarwal KR, Shim LS, Bassan M, Kalantar JS, Weltman MD, et al. Duodenal eosinophilia and early satiety in functional dyspepsia: confirmation of a positive association in an Australian cohort. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014; 29(3): 474-9.
10.1111/jgh.12419
PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
112Cirillo C, Bessissow T, Desmet AS, Vanheel H, Tack J, Vanden Berghe P. Evidence for neuronal and structural changes in submucous ganglia of patients with functional dyspepsia. Am J Gastroenterol. 2015; 110(8): 1205-15.
10.1038/ajg.2015.158
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
113Vanheel H, Vicario M, Boesmans W, Vanuytsel T, Salvo-Romero E, Tack J, et al. Activation of eosinophils and mast cells in functional dyspepsia: an ultrastructural evaluation. Sci Rep. 2018; 8(1): 5383.
10.1038/s41598-018-23620-y
PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
114Wauters L, Talley NJ, Walker MM, Tack J, Vanuytsel T. Novel concepts in the pathophysiology and treatment of functional dyspepsia. Gut. 2020; 69(3): 591-600. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2019-318536.
10.1136/gutjnl-2019-318536
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
115Wauters L, Burns G, Ceulemans M, et al. Duodenal inflammation: an emerging target for functional dyspepsia? Expert Opin Ther Targets. 2020; 24(6): 511-23. https://doi.org/10.1080/14728222.2020.1752181.
10.1080/14728222.2020.1752181
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
116Kindt S, van Oudenhove L, Broekaert D, Kasran A, Ceuppens JL, Bossuyt X, et al. Immune dysfunction in patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders. Neuro Gastroenterol Motil. 2009; 21(4): 389-98.
10.1111/j.1365-2982.2008.01220.x
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
117Kindt S, Tertychnyy A, de Hertogh G, Geboes K, Tack J. Intestinal immune activation in presumed post-infectious functional dyspepsia. Neuro Gastroenterol Motil. 2009; 21(8): 832.e56.
10.1111/j.1365-2982.2009.01299.x
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
118Collen MJ, Loebenberg MJ. Basal gastric acid secretion in nonulcer dyspepsia with or without duodenitis. Dig Dis Sci. 1989 Feb; 34(2): 246-50.
10.1007/BF01536059
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
119Lee KJ, Demarchi B, Demedts I, Sifrim D, Raeymaekers P, Tack J. A pilot study on duodenal acid exposure and its relationship to symptoms in functional dyspepsia with prominent nausea. Am J Gastroenterol. 2004; 99: 1765-73.
10.1111/j.1572-0241.2004.30822.x
PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
120Bratten J, Jones MP. Prolonged recording of duodenal acid exposure in patients with functional dyspepsia and controls using a radiotelemetry pH monitoring system. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2009; 43(6): 527-33.
10.1097/MCG.0b013e31818e37ab
PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
121Van den Houte K, Scarpellini E, Verbeure W, Mori H, Schol J, Masuy I, et al. The role of GI peptides in functional dyspepsia and gastroparesis: a systematic review. Front Psychiatry. 2020; 11: 172.
10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00172
PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
122Pilichiewicz AN, Feltrin KL, Horowitz M, Holtmann G, Wishart JM, Jones KL, et al. Functional dyspepsia is associated with a greater symptomatic response to fat but not carbohydrate, increased fasting and postprandial CCK, and diminished PYY. Am J Gastroenterol. 2008; 103(10): 2613-23.
10.1111/j.1572-0241.2008.02041.x
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
123Chua AS, Bekkering M, Rovati LC, Keeling PW. Clinical efficacy and prokinetic effect of the CCK-A antagonist loxiglumide in nonulcer dyspepsia. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1994; 713: 451-3.
10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb44124.x
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
124Feinle C, Meier O, Otto B, D'Amato M, Fried M. Role of duodenal lipid and cholecystokinin A receptors in the pathophysiology of functional dyspepsia. Gut. 2001 Mar; 48(3): 347-55.
10.1136/gut.48.3.347
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
125Choi YJ, Park YS, Kim N, Kim YS, Lee SM, Lee DH, et al. Gender differences in ghrelin, nociception genes, psychological factors and quality of life in functional dyspepsia. World J Gastroenterol. 2017; 23(45): 8053-61.
10.3748/wjg.v23.i45.8053
PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
126Shindo T, Futagami S, Hiratsuka T, Horie A, Hamamoto T, Ueki N, et al. Comparison of gastric emptying and plasma ghrelin levels in patients with functional dyspepsia and non-erosive reflux disease. Digestion. 2009; 79(2): 65-72.
10.1159/000205740
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
127Carbone F, Tack J. Gastroduodenal mechanisms underlying functional gastric disorders. Dig Dis. 2014; 32(3): 222-9.
10.1159/000357854
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
128Fried M, Feinle C. The role of fat and cholecystokinin in functional dyspepsia. Gut. 2002; 51(Suppl 1):i 54-7.
10.1136/gut.51.suppl_1.i54
Web of Science® Google Scholar
129Samsom M, Verhagen MA, vanBerge Henegouwen GP, Smout AJ. Abnormal clearance of exogenous acid and increased acid sensitivity of the proximal duodenum in dyspeptic patients. Gastroenterology. 1999; 116(3): 515-20.
10.1016/S0016-5085(99)70171-X
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
130Schwartz MP, Samsom M, Smout AJ. Chemospecific alterations in duodenal perception and motor response in functional dyspepsia. Am J Gastroenterol. 2001; 96(9): 2596-602.
10.1111/j.1572-0241.2001.04103.x
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
131Zhong L, Shanahan ER, Raj A, Koloski NA, Fletcher L, Morrison M, et al. Dyspepsia and the microbiome: time to focus on the small intestine. Gut. 2017; 66(6): 1168-9.
10.1136/gutjnl-2016-312574
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
132Nakae H, Tsuda A, Matsuoka T, Mine T, Koga Y. Gastric microbiota in the functional dyspepsia patients treated with probiotic yogurt. BMJ Open Gastroenterol. 2016; 3(1).e000109.
10.1136/bmjgast-2016-000109
PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
133Andrews PL, Sanger GJ. Abdominal vagal afferent neurones: an important target for the treatment of gastrointestinal dysfunction. Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2002; 2(6): 650-6.
10.1016/S1471-4892(02)00227-8
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
134Holtmann G, Goebell H, Jockenhoevel F, Talley NJ. Altered vagal and intestinal mechanosensory function in chronic unexplained dyspepsia. Gut. 1998; 42(4): 501-6.
10.1136/gut.42.4.501
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
135Manabe N, Nakamura K, Hara M, Imamura H, Kusunoki H, Tanaka S, et al. Impaired gastric response to modified sham feeding in patients with postprandial distress syndrome. Neuro Gastroenterol Motil. 2011; 23(3): 215-9:e112.
10.1111/j.1365-2982.2010.01622.x
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
136Lunding JA, Nordström LM, Haukelid AO, Gilja OH, Berstad A, Hausken T. Vagal activation by sham feeding improves gastric motility in functional dyspepsia. Neuro Gastroenterol Motil. 2008; 20(6): 618-24.
10.1111/j.1365-2982.2007.01076.x
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
137Hjelland IE, Svebak S, Berstad A, Flatabø G, Hausken T. Breathing exercises with vagal biofeedback may benefit patients with functional dyspepsia. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2007; 42(9): 1054-62.
10.1080/00365520701259208
PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
138Guo WJ, Yao SK, Zhang YL, Du SY, Wang HF, Yin LJ, et al. Impaired vagal activity to meal in patients with functional dyspepsia and delayed gastric emptying. J Int Med Res. 2018; 46(2): 792-801.
10.1177/0300060517726442
PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
139Van Oudenhove L, Vandenberghe J, Dupont P, Geeraerts B, Vos R, Dirix S, et al. Abnormal regional brain activity during rest and (anticipated) gastric distension in functional dyspepsia and the role of anxiety: a H(2)(15)O-PET study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2010; 105(4): 913-24.
10.1038/ajg.2010.39
PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
140Liu P, Zeng F, Zhou G, Wang J, Wen H, von Deneen KM, et al. Alterations of the default mode network in functional dyspepsia patients: a resting-state fmri study. Neuro Gastroenterol Motil. 2013; 25(6): e382-8.
10.1111/nmo.12131
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
141Nan J, Liu J, Mu J, Dun W, Zhang M, Gong Q, et al. Brain-based correlations between psychological factors and functional dyspepsia. J Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2015; 21(1): 103-10.
10.5056/jnm14096
PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
142Tominaga K, Tsumoto C, Ataka S, Mizuno K, Takahashi K, Yamagami H, et al. Regional brain disorders of serotonin neurotransmission are associated with functional dyspepsia. Life Sci. 2015; 137: 150-7.
10.1016/j.lfs.2015.07.023
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
143Ly HG, Ceccarini J, Weltens N, Bormans G, Van Laere K, Tack J, et al. Increased cerebral cannabinoiD−1 receptor availability is a stable feature of functional dyspepsia: a [F]MK-9470 PET study. Psychother Psychosom. 2015; 84(3): 149-58.
10.1159/000375454
PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
144Lee IS, Wang H, Chae Y, Preissl H, Enck P. Functional neuroimaging studies in functional dyspepsia patients: a systematic review. Neuro Gastroenterol Motil. 2016; 28(6): 793-805.
10.1111/nmo.12793
PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
145Locke GR, 3rd, Zinsmeister AR, Talley NJ, Fett SL, Melton LJ, 3rd. Familial association in adults with functional gastrointestinal disorders. Mayo Clin Proc. 2000; 75(9): 907-12.
10.4065/75.9.907
PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
146Dai F, Liu Y, Shi H, Ge S, Song J, Dong L, et al. Association of genetic variants in GNβ3 with functional dyspepsia: a metA−analysis. Dig Dis Sci. 2014 Aug; 59(8): 1823-30.
10.1007/s10620-014-3057-y
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
147Song YZ, You HY, Zhu ZH, Wen ZD, Xu HY, Chen BC, et al. The C825T polymorphism of the G-protein β3 gene as a risk factor for functional dyspepsia: a metA−analysis. Gastroenterol Res Pract. 2016; 2016.5037254.
10.1155/2016/5037254
PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
148Kourikou A, Karamanolis GP, Dimitriadis GD, Triantafyllou K. Gene polymorphisms associated with functional dyspepsia. World J Gastroenterol. 2015; 21(25): 7672-82.
10.3748/wjg.v21.i25.7672
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
149Talley NJ, Vakil NB, Moayyedi P. American gastroenterological association technical review on the evaluation of dyspepsia. Gastroenterology. 2005; 129(5): 1756-80.
10.1053/j.gastro.2005.09.020
PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
150Moayyedi P, Lacy BE, Andrews CN, Enns RA, Howden CW, Vakil N. ACG and CAG clinical guideline: management of dyspepsia. Am J Gastroenterol. 2017 Jul; 112(7): 988-1013.
10.1038/ajg.2017.154
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
151Moayyedi P, Talley NJ, Fennerty MB, Vakil N. Can the clinical history distinguish between organic and functional dyspepsia? J Am Med Assoc. 2006; 295(13): 1566-76.
10.1001/jama.295.13.1566
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
152Dutta AK, Rebekah G, Chowdhury SD, Gangadharan SK, Subramani Y, Sahu MK, et al. A simple pre-endoscopy score for predicting risk of malignancy in patients with dyspepsia: a 5-year prospective study. Dig Dis Sci. 2018 Dec; 63(12): 3442-7.
10.1007/s10620-018-5245-7
PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
153Feld L, Cifu AS. Management of dyspepsia. J Am Med Assoc. 2018; 319(17): 1816-7.
10.1001/jama.2018.3435
Web of Science® Google Scholar
154Duggan AE, Elliott CA, Miller P, Hawkey CJ, Logan RF. Clinical trial: a randomized trial of early endoscopy, Helicobacter pylori testing and empirical therapy for the management of dyspepsia in primary care. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2009 Jan; 29(1): 55-68.
10.1111/j.1365-2036.2008.03852.x
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
155Jönsson KA, Gotthard R, Bodemar G, Brodin U. The clinical relevance of endoscopic and histologic inflammation of gastroduodenal mucosa in dyspepsia of unknown origin. Scand J Gastroenterol. 1989; 24(4): 385-95.
10.3109/00365528909093064
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
156Talley NJ. Functional dyspepsia and the Rome criteria: a success story. Neuro Gastroenterol Motil. 2015; 27(8): 1052-6.
10.1111/nmo.12641
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
157Carbone F, Holvoet L, Tack J. Rome III functional dyspepsia subdivision in PDS and EPS: recognizing postprandial symptoms reduces overlap. Neuro Gastroenterol Motil. 2015; 27(8): 1069-74.
10.1111/nmo.12585
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
158Carbone F, Vanuytsel T, Tack J. Analysis of postprandial symptom patterns in subgroups of patients with Rome III or Rome IV functional dyspepsia. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020; 18(4): 838-46.e3.
10.1016/j.cgh.2019.07.053
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
159Suzuki H, Kusunoki H, Kamiya T, Futagami S, Yamaguchi Y, Nishizawa T, et al. Effect of lansoprazole on the epigastric symptoms of functional dyspepsia (ELF study): a multicentre, prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. United Eur Gastroenterol J. 2013; 1(6): 445-52.
10.1177/2050640613510904
PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
160Xu S, Wan X, Zheng X, Zhou Y, Song Z, Cheng M, et al. Symptom improvement after helicobacter pylori eradication in patients with functional dyspepsia—a multicenter, randomized, prospective cohort study. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2015; 6(9): 747-56.
Web of Science® Google Scholar
161Hsu YC, Liou JM, Yang TH, Hsu WL, Lin HJ, Wu HT, et al. Proton pump inhibitor versus prokinetic therapy in patients with functional dyspepsia: is therapeutic response predicted by Rome III subgroups? J Gastroenterol. 2011; 46(2): 183-90.
10.1007/s00535-010-0334-1
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
162Kamiya T, Shikano M, Kubota E, Mizoshita T, Wada T, Tanida S, et al. A multicenter randomized trial comparing rabeprazole and itopride in patients with functional dyspepsia in Japan: the NAGOYA study. J Clin Biochem Nutr. 2017; 60(2): 130-5.
10.3164/jcbn.16-106
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
163Kraag N, Thijs C, Knipschild P. DyspepsiA−-how noisy are gallstones? A metA−analysis of epidemiologic studies of biliary pain, dyspeptic symptoms, and food intolerance. Scand J Gastroenterol. 1995; 30(5): 411-21.
10.3109/00365529509093300
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
164Berger MY, van der Velden JJ, Lijmer JG, de Kort H, Prins A, Bohnen AM. Abdominal symptoms: do they predict gallstones? A systematic review. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2000; 35(1): 70-6.
10.1080/003655200750024560
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
165Tack J, Bisschops R, Sarnelli G. Pathophysiology and treatment of functional dyspepsia. Gastroenterology. 2004; 127(4): 1239-55.
10.1053/j.gastro.2004.05.030
PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
166Janssen P, Harris MS, Jones M, Masaoka T, Farré R, Törnblom H, et al. The relation between symptom improvement and gastric emptying in the treatment of diabetic and idiopathic gastroparesis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2013; 108(9): 1382-91.
10.1038/ajg.2013.118
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
167Vijayvargiya P, Jameie-Oskooei S, Camilleri M, Chedid V, Erwin PJ, Murad MH. Association between delayed gastric emptying and upper gastrointestinal symptoms: a systematic review and metA−analysis. Gut. 2019; 68(5): 804-13.
10.1136/gutjnl-2018-316405
PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
168Vijayvargiya P, Camilleri M, Chedid V, Mandawat A, Erwin PJ, Murad MH. Effects of promotility agents on gastric emptying and symptoms: a systematic review and metA−analysis. Gastroenterology. 2019; 156(6): 1650-60.
10.1053/j.gastro.2019.01.249
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
169Tack J, Caenepeel P, Arts J, Lee KJ, Sifrim D, Janssens J. Prevalence of acid reflux in functional dyspepsia and its association with symptom profile. Gut. 2005; 54(10): 1370-6.
10.1136/gut.2004.053355
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
170Gerson LB, Triadafilopoulos G. A prospective study of oesophageal 24-h ambulatory pH monitoring in patients with functional dyspepsia. Dig Liver Dis. 2005; 37(2): 87-91.
10.1016/j.dld.2004.09.021
CAS PubMed Google Scholar
171Xiao YL, Peng S, Tao J, Wang AJ, Lin JK, Hu PJ, et al. Prevalence and symptom pattern of pathologic esophageal acid reflux in patients with functional dyspepsia based on the Rome III criteria. Am J Gastroenterol. 2010; 105(12): 2626-31.
10.1038/ajg.2010.351
PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
172Du L, Chen B, Kim JJ, Chen X, Dai N. Micro-inflammation in functional dyspepsia: a systematic review and metA−analysis. Neuro Gastroenterol Motil. 2018; 30(4).e13304.
10.1111/nmo.13304
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
173Marzio L, Falcucci M, Grossi L, Ciccaglione FA, Malatesta MG, Castellano A, et al. Proximal and distal gastric distension in normal subjects and H. pylori-positive and -negative dyspeptic patients and correlation with symptoms. Dig Dis Sci. 1998; 43(12): 2757-63.
10.1023/A:1026628000491
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
174Hjelland IE, Ofstad AP, Narvestad JK, Berstad A, Hausken T. Drink tests in functional dyspepsia: which drink is best?. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2004; 39: 933-72.
10.1080/00365520410003344
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
175Jones MP, Hoffman S, Shah D, Patel K, Ebert CC. The water load test: observations from healthy controls and patients with functional dyspepsia. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2003; 284: G896-904.
10.1152/ajpgi.00361.2002
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
176Kindt S, Coulie B, Wajs E, Janssens J, Tack J. Reproducibility and symptomatic predictors of a slow nutrient drinking test in health and in functional dyspepsia. Neuro Gastroenterol Motil. 2008; 20: 320-9.
10.1111/j.1365-2982.2008.01092.x
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
177Suzuki H, Moayyedi P. Helicobacter pylori infection in functional dyspepsia. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2013 Mar; 10(3): 168-74.
10.1038/nrgastro.2013.9
PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
178 No authors listed. Surveillance of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and dyspepsia in adults: investigation and management; 2019. https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg184
Google Scholar
179Miwa H, Ghoshal UC, Gonlachanvit S, Gwee KA, Ang TL, Chang FY, et al. Asian consensus report on functional dyspepsia. J Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2012 Apr; 18(2): 150-68.
10.5056/jnm.2012.18.2.150
PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
180Miwa H, Kusano M, Arisawa T, Oshima T, Kato M, Joh T, et al. Evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for functional dyspepsia. J Gastroenterol. 2015 Feb; 50(2): 125-39.
10.1007/s00535-014-1022-3
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
181Wang WH, Huang JQ, Zheng GF, Xia HH, Wong WM, Liu XG, et al. Effects of proton-pump inhibitors on functional dyspepsia: a metA−analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2007 Feb; 5(2): 178-85.
10.1016/j.cgh.2006.09.012
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
182Pinto-Sanchez MI, Yuan Y, Hassan A, Bercik P, Moayyedi P. Proton pump inhibitors for functional dyspepsia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Nov 21; 11(11).CD011194.
PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
183Blum AL, Arnold R, Stolte M, Fischer M, Koelz HR. Short course acid suppressive treatment for patients with functional dyspepsia: results depend on Helicobacter pylori status. The Frosch Study Group. Gut. 2000 Oct; 47(4): 473-80.
10.1136/gut.47.4.473
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
184Dillon JF, Finch PJ, Baxter G. A comparison of lansoprazole vs ranitidine in the treatment of functional ulcer-like dyspepsia as defined by the Rome II criteria. Gut. 2004; 53(Suppl VI).A285.
Google Scholar
185Camilleri M, Stanghellini V. Current management strategies and emerging treatments for functional dyspepsia. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2013 Mar; 10(3): 187-94.
10.1038/nrgastro.2013.11
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
186Iwakiri R, Tominaga K, Furuta K, Inamori M, Furuta T, Masuyama H, et al. Randomised clinical trial: rabeprazole improves symptoms in patients with functional dyspepsia in Japan. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2013 Oct; 38(7): 729-40.
10.1111/apt.12444
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
187Pittayanon R, Yuan Y, Bollegala NP, Khanna R, Lacy BE, Andrews CN, et al. Prokinetics for functional dyspepsia: a systematic review and meta−analysis of randomized control trials. Am J Gastroenterol. 2019 Feb; 114(2): 233-43.
10.1038/s41395-018-0258-6
PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
188Tack J, Camilleri M, Chang L, Chey WD, Galligan JJ, Lacy BE, et al. Systematic review: cardiovascular safety profile of 5-HT(4) agonists developed for gastrointestinal disorders. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2012 Apr; 35(7): 745-67.
10.1111/j.1365-2036.2012.05011.x
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
189De Nutte N, Van Ganse W, Witterhulghe M, Defrance P. Relief of epigastric pain in nonulcer dyspepsia: controlled trial of the promotility drug cisapride. Clin Ther. 1989; 11(1): 62-8.
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
190Holtmann G, Talley NJ, Liebregts T, Adam B, Parow C. A placebo-controlled trial of itopride in functional dyspepsia. N Engl J Med. 2006; 354(8): 832-40.
10.1056/NEJMoa052639
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
191Talley NJ, Tack J, Ptak T, Gupta R, Giguère M. Itopride in functional dyspepsia: results of two phase III multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials. Gut. 2008; 57(6): 740-6.
10.1136/gut.2007.132449
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
192Masuy I, Van Oudenhove L, Tack J. Review article: treatment options for functional dyspepsia. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2019; 49(9): 1134-72.
10.1111/apt.15191
PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
193Carbone F, Vandenberghe A, Holvoet L, Piessevaux H, Arts J, Caenepeel F, et al. A double-blind randomized, multicenter, placebo-controlled study of itopride in functional dyspepsia postprandial distress syndrome. Submitted for publication 2020 or Carbone F, Vandenberghe A, Holvoet L, Vanuytsel T, Jones MP, Tack JF. 383—The therapeutic outcome of itopride in functional dyspepsia postprandial distress syndrome: a double-blind randomized, multicenter, placebo-controlled study. Gastroenterology. 2018; 154(6): S1-91.
PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
194Ford AC, Luthra P, Tack J, Boeckxstaens GE, Moayyedi P, Talley NJ. Efficacy of psychotropic drugs in functional dyspepsia: systematic review and meta-analysis. Gut. 2017; 66(3): 411-42.
10.1136/gutjnl-2015-310721
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
195Talley NJ, Locke GR, Saito YA, Almazar AE, Bouras EP, Howden CW, et al. Effect of amitriptyline and escitalopram on functional dyspepsia: a multicenter, randomized controlled study. Gastroenterology. 2015 Aug; 149(2): 340-9.e2.
10.1053/j.gastro.2015.04.020
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
196Lacy BE, Saito YA, Camilleri M, Bouras E, DiBaise JK, Herrick LM, et al. Effects of antidepressants on gastric function in patients with functional dyspepsia. Am J Gastroenterol. 2018; 113(2): 216-24.
10.1038/ajg.2017.458
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
197Cheong PK, Ford AC, Cheung CKY, Ching JYL, Chan Y, Sung JJY, et al. Low-dose imipramine for refractory functional dyspepsia: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018; 3(12): 837-44.
10.1016/S2468-1253(18)30303-0
PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
198Tan VP, Cheung TK, Wong WM, Pang R, Wong BC. Treatment of functional dyspepsia with sertraline: a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled pilot study. World J Gastroenterol. 2012; 18(42): 6127-33.
10.3748/wjg.v18.i42.6127
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
199van Kerkhoven LA, Laheij RJ, Aparicio N, De Boer WA, Van den Hazel S, Tan AC, et al. Effect of the antidepressant venlafaxine in functional dyspepsia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2008; 6(7): 746-52.
10.1016/j.cgh.2008.02.051
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
200Tack J, Ly HG, Carbone F, Vanheel H, Vanuytsel T, Holvoet L, et al. Efficacy of mirtazapine in patients with functional dyspepsia and weight loss. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2016; 14(3): 385-92.e4.
10.1016/j.cgh.2015.09.043
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
201Jiang SM, Jia L, Liu J, Shi MM, Xu MZ. Beneficial effects of antidepressant mirtazapine in functional dyspepsia patients with weight loss. World J Gastroenterol. 2016; 22(22): 5260-6.
10.3748/wjg.v22.i22.5260
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
202Miwa H, Nagahara A, Tominaga K, Yokoyama T, Sawada Y, Inoue K, et al. Efficacy of the 5-HT1A agonist tandospirone citrate in improving symptoms of patients with functional dyspepsia: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Gastroenterol. 2009; 104(11): 2779-87.
10.1038/ajg.2009.427
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
203Tack J, van den ElzenB, Tytgat G, Wajs E, van Nueten L, de Ridder F, et al. placebo-controlled trial of the 5-HT agonist R-137696 on symptoms, visceral hypersensitivity and on impaired accommodation in functional dyspepsia. Neuro Gastroenterol Motil. 2009; 21(6): 619-26.e23-4.
10.1111/j.1365-2982.2008.01260.x
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
204Tack J, Janssen P, Masaoka T, Farré R, Van Oudenhove L. Efficacy of buspirone, a fundus-relaxing drug, in patients with functional dyspepsia. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2012; 10(11): 1239-45.
10.1016/j.cgh.2012.06.036
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
205Van Oudenhove L, Kindt S, Vos R, Coulie B, Tack J. Influence of buspirone on gastric sensorimotor function in man. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2008; 28(11–12): 1326-33.
10.1111/j.1365-2036.2008.03849.x
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
206Melzer J, Rösch W, Reichling J, Brignoli R, Saller R. MetA−analysis: phytotherapy of functional dyspepsia with the herbal drug preparation STW 5 (Iberogast). Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2004; 20(11–12): 1279-87.
10.1111/j.1365-2036.2004.02275.x
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
207Koretz RL, Rotblatt M. Complementary and alternative medicine in gastroenterology: the good, the bad, and the ugly. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2004; 2(11): 957-67.
10.1016/S1542-3565(04)00461-6
PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
208Li J, Lv L, Zhang J, Xu L, Zeng E, Zhang Z, et al. A combination of peppermint oil and caraway oil for the treatment of functional dyspepsia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2019; 2019:7654947.
10.1155/2019/7654947
PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
209Hoshino N, Nishizaki D, Hida K, Obama K, Sakai Y. Rikkunshito for upper gastrointestinal symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Complement Ther Med. 2019; 42: 255-63.
10.1016/j.ctim.2018.11.025
PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
210Chu MHK, Wu IXY, Ho RST, Wong CHL, Zhang AL, Zhang Y, et al. Chinese herbal medicine for functional dyspepsia: systematic review of systematic reviews. Therap Adv Gastroenterol. 2018; 11.1756284818785573.
10.1177/1756284818785573
Web of Science® Google Scholar
211Tan VP, Liu KS, Lam FY, Hung IF, Yuen MF, Leung WK. Randomised clinical trial: rifaximin versus placebo for the treatment of functional dyspepsia. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2017; 45(6): 767-76.
10.1111/apt.13945
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
212Calvert EL, Houghton LA, Cooper P, Morris J, Whorwell PJ. Long-term improvement in functional dyspepsia using hypnotherapy. Gastroenterology. 2002 Dec; 123(6): 1778-85.
10.1053/gast.2002.37071
PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
213Haug TT, Wilhelmsen I, Svebak S, Berstad A, Ursin H. Psychotherapy in functional dyspepsia. J Psychosom Res. 1994 Oct; 38(7): 735-44.
10.1016/0022-3999(94)90026-4
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
214Haag S, Senf W, Tagay S, Langkafel M, Braun-Lang U, Pietsch A, et al. Is there a benefit from intensified medical and psychological interventions in patients with functional dyspepsia not responding to conventional therapy? Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2007; 25(8): 973-86.
10.1111/j.1365-2036.2007.03277.x
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
215Kim KN, Chung SY, Cho SH. Efficacy of acupuncture treatment for functional dyspepsia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Complement Ther Med. 2015; 23(6): 759-66.
10.1016/j.ctim.2015.07.007
PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
216Zhou W, Su J, Zhang H. Efficacy and safety of acupuncture for the treatment of functional dyspepsia: meta-analysis. J Altern Complement Med. 2016; 22(5): 380-9.
10.1089/acm.2014.0400
PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
217Ho RST, Chung VCH, Wong CHL, Wu JCY, Wong SYS, Wu IXY. Acupuncture and related therapies used as add-on or alternative to prokinetics for functional dyspepsia: overview of systematic reviews and network meta-analysis. Sci Rep. 2017; 7(1):10320.
10.1038/s41598-017-09856-0
PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
218Zheng H, Xu J, Sun X, Zeng F, Li Y, Wu X, et al. Electroacupuncture for patients with refractory functional dyspepsia: a randomized controlled trial. Neuro Gastroenterol Motil. 2018; 30(7).e13316.
10.1111/nmo.13316
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
219Aucoin M, Lalonde-Parsi MJ, Cooley K. Mindfulness-based therapies in the treatment of functional gastrointestinal disorders: a meta-analysis. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2014; 2014:140724.
10.1155/2014/140724
PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
220Vandenbroucke K, Kindt S, Demedts I, Tack J. Outcome of percutaneous jejunal feeding tube placement for refractory idophatic severe gatroparesis: a retrospective review. Acta Gastro-Enterol Belg. 2006; 69: D14. (abstract).
Google Scholar
221Quartero AO, Numans ME, Post MW, de Melker RA, de Wit NJ. One-year prognosis of primary care dyspepsia: predictive value of symptom pattern, Helicobacter pylori and GP management. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2002; 14(1): 55-60.
10.1097/00042737-200201000-00010
PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
222Halder SL, Locke GR, 3rd, Schleck CD, Zinsmeister AR, Melton LJ, 3rd, Talley NJ. Natural history of functional gastrointestinal disorders: a 12-year longitudinal population-based study. Gastroenterology. 2007; 133(3): 799-807.
10.1053/j.gastro.2007.06.010
PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
223Olafsdottir LB, Gudjonsson H, Jonsdottir HH, Bjornsson E, Thjodleifsson B. Natural history of functional gastrointestinal disorders: comparison of two longitudinal population-based studies. Dig Liver Dis. 2012; 44(3): 211-7.
10.1016/j.dld.2011.10.009
PubMed Google Scholar
224Chang JY, Locke GR, 3rd, McNally MA, Halder SL, Schleck CD, Zinsmeister AR, et al. Impact of functional gastrointestinal disorders on survival in the community. Am J Gastroenterol. 2010; 105(4): 822-32.
10.1038/ajg.2010.40
PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
225Ford AC, Forman D, Bailey AG, Axon AT, Moayyedi P. Fluctuation of gastrointestinal symptoms in the community: a 10-year longitudinal follow-up study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2008; 28(8): 1013-20.
10.1111/j.1365-2036.2008.03813.x
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar

Citing Literature

Volume33, Issue9

September 2021

e14238

United European Gastroenterology (UEG) and European Society for Neurogastroenterology and Motility (ESNM) consensus on functional dyspepsia

Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions and Inferences

AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS

REFERENCES

Citing Literature

References

Information

About Wiley Online Library

Help & Support

Opportunities

Connect with Wiley

United European Gastroenterology (UEG) and European Society for Neurogastroenterology and Motility (ESNM) consensus on functional dyspepsia

Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions and Inferences

AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS

REFERENCES

Citing Literature

References

Related

Information