ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Anti-inflammatory action of ark shell (Scapharca subcrenata) protein hydrolysate in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 murine macrophages
Chathuri Kaushalya Marasinghe,
Won-Kyo Jung,
Jae-Young Je,
Chathuri Kaushalya Marasinghe
Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
Search for more papers by this authorWon-Kyo Jung
Major of Biomedical Engineering, Division of Smart Healthcare, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Jae-Young Je
Major of Human Bioconvergence, Division of Smart Healthcare, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
Correspondence
Jae-Young Je, Major of Human Bioconvergence, Division of Smart Healthcare, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorChathuri Kaushalya Marasinghe,
Won-Kyo Jung,
Jae-Young Je,
Chathuri Kaushalya Marasinghe
Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
Search for more papers by this authorWon-Kyo Jung
Major of Biomedical Engineering, Division of Smart Healthcare, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Jae-Young Je
Major of Human Bioconvergence, Division of Smart Healthcare, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
Correspondence
Jae-Young Je, Major of Human Bioconvergence, Division of Smart Healthcare, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
Potential anti-inflammatory effects of ark shell (Scapharca subcrenata) protein hydrolysates were investigated. Ark shell protein hydrolysates were prepared using Alcalase® and pepsin and were designated ASAH and ASPH, respectively. The nitric oxide (NO) inhibitory activity of ASAH and ASPH was determined in lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 murine macrophages, and the results showed that ASAH inhibited better NO inhibitory activity than ASPH. ASAH suppressed inflammatory mediator, a prostaglandin E2, secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6), and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) dose dependently. It inhibited the protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and simulated heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) protein expression. However, the pharmacological approach revealed that pretreatment with zinc protoporphyrin ІX (ZnPP), an inhibitor of HO-1, reversed the anti-inflammatory effect of ASAH. Moreover, ASAH upregulated phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) including ERK1/2, JNK1/2, and p38 MAPK. To find out the role of MAPKs phosphorylation, MAPKs inhibitors were used, and the results showed that ASAH-mediated HO-1 protein expression and Nrf2 nuclear translocation were abolished. Taken all together, this study revealed that ASAH has a potential anti-inflammatory activity through regulation of the MAPK-dependent HO-1/Nrf2 pathway.
Practical applications
Food-derived marine bioactive peptides, due to their pivotal role in biological activities, are gaining much attention recently. However, the anti-inflammatory activities of ark shell protein hydrolysates still remain to be investigated. This study investigated that ASAH shows potential anti-inflammatory activities through regulation of the MAPK-dependent HO-1/Nrf2 pathway in RAW264.7 murine macrophages. These findings indicated that ASAH may be used as a dietary supplement, functional food, and medicinal drug for the management of inflammation and inflammation-associated diseases.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors have no conflicts of interest relevant to this study to disclose.
Open Research
DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT
All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article.
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