Research Article

Self-Healing and Antifreezing/Antidrying Conductive Eutectohydrogel-Based Biosignal Monitoring Multisensors with Integrated Supercapacitor

Jinyoung Lee

orcid.org/0000-0003-1358-3295

Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea

Search for more papers by this author

Somin Kim,

Somin Kim

Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea

Search for more papers by this author

Jung Wook Kim,

Jung Wook Kim

Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea

Search for more papers by this author

Jiyoon Kim,

Jiyoon Kim

Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea

Search for more papers by this author

Yeonji Choi,

Yeonji Choi

Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea

Search for more papers by this author

Mihyeon Park,

Mihyeon Park

Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea

Search for more papers by this author

Dong Sik Kim,

Dong Sik Kim

Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea

Search for more papers by this author

Hanchan Lee,

Hanchan Lee

Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea

Search for more papers by this author

Seojin Kim,

Seojin Kim

Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea

Search for more papers by this author

Yongju Kim,

Yongju Kim

KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea

Search for more papers by this author

Jeong Sook Ha,

Corresponding Author

Jeong Sook Ha

[email protected]

Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea

E-mail: [email protected]

Search for more papers by this author

Jinyoung Lee,

Jinyoung Lee

orcid.org/0000-0003-1358-3295

Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea

Search for more papers by this author

Somin Kim,

Somin Kim

Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea

Search for more papers by this author

Jung Wook Kim,

Jung Wook Kim

Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea

Search for more papers by this author

Jiyoon Kim,

Jiyoon Kim

Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea

Search for more papers by this author

Yeonji Choi,

Yeonji Choi

Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea

Search for more papers by this author

Mihyeon Park,

Mihyeon Park

Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea

Search for more papers by this author

Dong Sik Kim,

Dong Sik Kim

Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea

Search for more papers by this author

Hanchan Lee,

Hanchan Lee

Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea

Search for more papers by this author

Seojin Kim,

Seojin Kim

Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea

Search for more papers by this author

Yongju Kim,

Yongju Kim

KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea

Search for more papers by this author

Jeong Sook Ha,

Corresponding Author

Jeong Sook Ha

[email protected]

Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea

E-mail: [email protected]

Search for more papers by this author

First published: 22 November 2024

https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202409365

Citations: 1

Share a link

Email
Wechat
Bluesky

Abstract

A novel self-healing and antifreezing/antidrying conductive eutectohydrogel, ideal for wearable multifunctional sensors and supercapacitors, is reported. Conductive eutectohydrogel with self-healing and facilely tunable mechanical performance is obtained by incorporation of trehalose and phytic acid as reversible cross-linkers into a polyacrylamide network, forming the dynamic hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions. Furthermore, combined use of deep eutectic solvent with water ensures the air stability as well as the antifreezing/antidrying characteristics. The synthesized eutectohydrogel exhibits a self-healing efficiency of 90.7% after 24 h at room temperature, Young's modulus of 140.9 kPa, and strain at break of 352.8%. With the eutectohydrogel as a versatile platform, self-healing strain and temperature sensors, electrocardiogram electrodes, and supercapacitor are fabricated, recovering the device performance after self-healing from complete bisection and exhibiting stable performance over a wide temperature range from −20 to 50 °C. With a vertically integrated patch device of supercapacitor and strain sensor attached onto skin, various body movements are successfully detected using the energy stored in the supercapacitor, without performance degradation even after self-healing from complete bisection of the full patch device. This work demonstrates high potential application of the synthesized eutectohydrogel to flexible wearable devices featuring durability and longevity.

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Open Research

Data Availability Statement

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Supporting Information

References

1a) M. Qi, R. Yang, Z. Wang, Y. Liu, Q. Zhang, B. He, K. Li, Q. Yang, L. Wei, C. Pan, M. Chen, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2023, 33, 2214479;
10.1002/adfm.202214479
CAS Web of Science® Google Scholar
b) M. Khatib, O. Zohar, H. Haick, Adv. Mater. 2021, 33, 2004190.
10.1002/adma.202004190
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
2a) K. Keum, J. W. Kim, S. Y. Hong, J. G. Son, S. S. Lee, J. S. Ha, Adv. Mater. 2020, 32, 2002180;
10.1002/adma.202002180
CAS Web of Science® Google Scholar
b) H. Park, C. Song, S. W. Jin, H. Lee, K. Keum, Y. H. Lee, G. Lee, Y. R. Jeong, J. S. Ha, Nano Energy 2021, 83, 105837.
10.1016/j.nanoen.2021.105837
CAS Web of Science® Google Scholar
3J. Kang, J. B. H. Tok, Z. Bao, Nat. Electron. 2019, 2, 144.
10.1038/s41928-019-0235-0
Web of Science® Google Scholar
4J. Lee, M. W. M. Tan, K. Parida, G. Thangavel, S. A. Park, T. Park, P. S. Lee, Adv. Mater. 2020, 32, 1906679.
10.1002/adma.201906679
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
5H. Liu, C. Du, L. Liao, H. Zhang, H. Zhou, W. Zhou, T. Ren, Z. Sun, Y. Lu, Z. Nie, F. Xu, J. Zhu, W. Huang, Nat. Commun. 2022, 13, 3420.
10.1038/s41467-022-31051-7
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
6Y. Lee, W. J. Song, J. Y. Sun, Mater. Today Phys. 2020, 15, 100258.
10.1016/j.mtphys.2020.100258
Web of Science® Google Scholar
7T. Ye, J. Wang, Y. Jiao, L. Li, E. He, L. Wang, Y. Li, Y. Yun, D. Li, J. Lu, H. Chen, Q. Li, F. Li, R. Gao, H. Peng, Y. Zhang, Adv. Mater. 2022, 34, 2105120.
10.1002/adma.202105120
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
8a) Y. Xu, Z. Lin, X. Huang, Y. Liu, Y. Huang, X. Duan, ACS Nano 2013, 7, 4042;
10.1021/nn4000836
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
b) H. Li, T. Lv, H. Sun, G. Qian, N. Li, Y. Yao, T. Chen, Nat. Commun. 2019, 10, 536.
10.1038/s41467-019-08320-z
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
9K. Fan, W. Wei, Z. Zhang, B. Liu, W. Feng, Y. Ma, X. Zhang, Chem. Eng. J. 2022, 449, 137878.
10.1016/j.cej.2022.137878
CAS Web of Science® Google Scholar
10J. Kim, J. W. Kim, K. Keum, H. Lee, G. Jung, M. Park, Y. H. Lee, S. Kim, J. S. Ha, Chem. Eng. J. 2023, 457, 141278.
10.1016/j.cej.2023.141278
CAS Web of Science® Google Scholar
11Q. Lu, H. Li, Z. Tan, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2023, 15, 34055.
10.1021/acsami.3c05848
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
12a) B. B. Hansen, S. Spittle, B. Chen, D. Poe, Y. Zhang, J. M. Klein, A. Horton, L. Adhikari, T. Zelovich, B. W. Doherty, B. Gurkan, E. J. Maginn, A. Ragauskas, M. Dadmun, T. A. Zawodzinski, G. A. Baker, M. E. Tuckerman, R. F. Savinell, J. R. Sangoro, Chem. Rev. 2021, 121, 1232;
10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00385
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
b) Y. Feng, J. Yu, D. Sun, C. Dang, W. Ren, C. Shao, R. Sun, Nano Energy 2022, 98, 107284.
10.1016/j.nanoen.2022.107284
CAS Web of Science® Google Scholar
13Y. Liang, K. Wang, J. Li, H. Wang, X. Q. Xie, Y. Cui, Y. Zhang, M. Wang, C. S. Liu, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2021, 31, 2104963.
10.1002/adfm.202104963
CAS Web of Science® Google Scholar
14a) Y. Li, D. Yang, Z. Wu, F.-L. Gao, X.-Z. Gao, H.-Y. Zhao, X. Li, Z.-Z. Yu, Nano Energy 2023, 109, 108324;
10.1016/j.nanoen.2023.108324
CAS Web of Science® Google Scholar
b) X. Yu, H. Zhang, Y. Wang, X. Fan, Z. Li, X. Zhang, T. Liu, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2022, 32, 2204366;
10.1002/adfm.202204366
CAS Web of Science® Google Scholar
c) J. Y. Oh, D. Son, T. Katsumata, Y. Lee, Y. Kim, J. Lopez, H.-C. Wu, J. Kang, J. Park, X. Gu, J. Mun, N. G.-J. Wang, Y. Yin, W. Cai, Y. Yun, J. B.-H. Tok, Z. Bao, Sci. Adv. 2019, 5, eaav3097.
10.1126/sciadv.aav3097
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
15a) K. X. Hou, S. P. Zhao, D. P. Wang, P. C. Zhao, C. H. Li, J. L. Zuo, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2021, 31, 2107006;
10.1002/adfm.202107006
CAS Web of Science® Google Scholar
b) D. Son, J. Kang, O. Vardoulis, Y. Kim, N. Matsuhisa, J. Y. Oh, J. W. To, J. Mun, T. Katsumata, Y. Liu, A. F. McGuire, M. Krason, F. Molina-Lopez, J. Ham, U. Kraft, Y. Lee, Y. Yun, J. B. H. Tok, Z. Bao, Nat. Nanotechnol. 2018, 13, 1057.
10.1038/s41565-018-0244-6
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
16a) K. Parida, G. Thangavel, G. Cai, X. Zhou, S. Park, J. Xiong, P. S. Lee, Nat. Commun. 2019, 10, 2158;
10.1038/s41467-019-10061-y
PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
b) C. Li, P. Wang, D. Zhang, Nano Energy 2023, 109, 108285.
10.1016/j.nanoen.2023.108285
CAS Web of Science® Google Scholar
17Y. Choi, M. Park, S. Kim, K. Gong, J. Wook Kim, D. Sik Kim, J. Lee, G. Jung, J. Kim, W. Yang, D.-K. Lim, J. Sook Ha, Chem. Eng. J. 2024, 488, 150931.
10.1016/j.cej.2024.150931
CAS Google Scholar
18a) J. W. Kim, H. Park, G. Lee, Y. R. Jeong, S. Y. Hong, K. Keum, J. Yoon, M. S. Kim, J. S. Ha, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2019, 29, 1905968;
10.1002/adfm.201905968
CAS Web of Science® Google Scholar
b) B. Li, F. Xu, T. Guan, Y. Li, J. Sun, Adv. Mater. 2023, 35, 2211456.
10.1002/adma.202211456
CAS Web of Science® Google Scholar
19Z. Wang, Y. Ren, Y. Zhu, L. Hao, Y. Chen, G. An, H. Wu, X. Shi, C. Mao, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2018, 57, 9008.
10.1002/anie.201804400
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
20a) A. J. D'Angelo, M. J. Panzer, Chem. Mater. 2019, 31, 2913;
10.1021/acs.chemmater.9b00172
Web of Science® Google Scholar
b) J. W. Kim, S. Kim, Y. R. Jeong, J. Kim, D. S. Kim, K. Keum, H. Lee, J. S. Ha, Chem. Eng. J. 2022, 430, 132685.
10.1016/j.cej.2021.132685
CAS Web of Science® Google Scholar
21C. H. Li, J. L. Zuo, Adv. Mater. 2020, 32, 1903762.
10.1002/adma.201903762
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
22L. Xu, Y. Chen, M. Yu, M. Hou, G. Gong, H. Tan, N. Li, J. Xu, Nano Energy 2023, 107, 108119.
10.1016/j.nanoen.2022.108119
CAS Web of Science® Google Scholar
23H. Sun, B. Zhang, L. Lu, Z. Chen, Y. Huo, W. Li, B. Zhang, J. Song, Chem. Eng. J. 2023, 451, 139051.
10.1016/j.cej.2022.139051
CAS Web of Science® Google Scholar
24S. He, H. Ren, Y. Chen, D. Rong, Q. Rong, J. Energy Storage 2023, 72, 108619.
10.1016/j.est.2023.108619
Google Scholar
25B. Huang, W. Liu, Y. Lan, Y. Huang, L. Fu, B. Lin, C. Xu, Chem. Eng. J. 2024, 480, 147888.
10.1016/j.cej.2023.147888
CAS Web of Science® Google Scholar
26a) Y. Nie, D. Yue, W. Xiao, W. Wang, H. Chen, L. Bai, L. Yang, H. Yang, D. Wei, Chem. Eng. J. 2022, 436, 135243;
10.1016/j.cej.2022.135243
CAS Web of Science® Google Scholar
b) R. Hu, J. Zhao, Y. Wang, Z. Li, J. Zheng, Chem. Eng. J. 2019, 360, 334;
10.1016/j.cej.2018.12.001
CAS Web of Science® Google Scholar
c) T. Wang, Y. Zhang, Q. Liu, W. Cheng, X. Wang, L. Pan, B. Xu, H. Xu, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2018, 28, 1705551;
10.1002/adfm.201705551
Web of Science® Google Scholar
d) Z. Han, P. Wang, Y. Lu, Z. Jia, S. Qu, W. Yang, Sci. Adv. 2022, 8, eabl5066.
10.1126/sciadv.abl5066
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
27a) C. K. Lin, S. Y. Chen, M. H. Lien, J. Phys. Chem. 1995, 99, 1454;
10.1021/j100005a014
CAS Web of Science® Google Scholar
b) M. Beniken, M. Driouch, M. Sfaira, B. Hammouti, M. E. Touhami, M. A. Mohsin, J. Bio- Tribo-Corros. 2018, 4, 38;
10.1007/s40735-018-0155-y
Google Scholar
c) Q. Ma, P. J. Shuler, C. W. Aften, Y. Tang, Polym. Degrad. Stab. 2015, 121, 69.
10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2015.08.012
CAS Web of Science® Google Scholar
28a) X. Jin, H. Jiang, G. Li, B. Fu, X. Bao, Z. Wang, Q. Hu, Chem. Eng. J. 2020, 394, 124901;
10.1016/j.cej.2020.124901
CAS Web of Science® Google Scholar
b) D.-H. Kim, Z. A. Akbar, Y. T. Malik, J.-W. Jeon, S.-Y. Jang, Nat. Commun. 2023, 14, 3246.
10.1038/s41467-023-38830-w
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
29a) S. Kim, J. W. Kim, Y. H. Lee, Y. R. Jeong, K. Keum, D. S. Kim, H. Lee, J. S. Ha, Chem. Eng. J. 2023, 464, 142700;
10.1016/j.cej.2023.142700
CAS Web of Science® Google Scholar
b) J. Kang, D. Son, G.-J. N. Wang, Y. Liu, J. Lopez, Y. Kim, J. Y. Oh, T. Katsumata, J. Mun, Y. Lee, L. Jin, J. B.-H. Tok, Z. Bao, Adv. Mater. 2018, 30, 1706846;
10.1002/adma.201706846
PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
c) Y. Yang, M. W. Urban, Adv. Mater. Interfaces 2018, 5, 1800384.
10.1002/admi.201800384
Web of Science® Google Scholar
30H. Zhang, N. Tang, X. Yu, M. H. Li, J. Hu, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2022, 32, 2206305.
10.1002/adfm.202206305
CAS Web of Science® Google Scholar
31Y. Liu, X. Zhang, B. Li, H. Chen, H. Li, J. Chen, H. Dong, Chem. Eng. J. 2023, 461, 141965.
10.1016/j.cej.2023.141965
CAS Web of Science® Google Scholar
32K. Xue, C. Shao, J. Yu, H. Zhang, B. Wang, W. Ren, Y. Cheng, Z. Jin, F. Zhang, Z. Wang, R. Sun, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2023, 33, 2305879.
10.1002/adfm.202305879
CAS Web of Science® Google Scholar
33a) Y. Wu, X.-F. Zhang, M. Li, M. Yu, J. Yao, Langmuir 2024, 40, 5288;
10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03718
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
b) Y. Wang, S. Fu, L. A. Lucia, H. Zhang, Compos. Sci. Technol. 2022, 229, 109696.
10.1016/j.compscitech.2022.109696
CAS Web of Science® Google Scholar
34a) A. Gómez-Siurana, A. Marcilla, M. Beltrán, D. Berenguer, I. Martínez-Castellanos, S. Menargues, Thermochim. Acta 2013, 573, 146;
10.1016/j.tca.2013.09.007
CAS Web of Science® Google Scholar
b) X. Zhang, M. Han, L. Xu, A. M. AlSofi, Chem. Phys. Lett. 2022, 795, 139538;
10.1016/j.cplett.2022.139538
CAS Google Scholar
c) M. Hina, S. Bashir, K. Kamran, S. Ramesh, K. Ramesh, Polymer 2020, 210, 123020;
10.1016/j.polymer.2020.123020
CAS Web of Science® Google Scholar
d) Y. H. Gad, R. O. Aly, S. E. Abdel-Aal, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2011, 120, 1899.
10.1002/app.33269
CAS Web of Science® Google Scholar
35D. Du, J. Zhou, D. Shi, W. Dong, M. Chen, ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. 2022, 4, 4972.
10.1021/acsapm.2c00527
CAS Web of Science® Google Scholar
36G. Jung, H. Lee, H. Park, J. Kim, J. Wook Kim, D. Sik Kim, K. Keum, Y. Hui Lee, J. Sook Ha, Chem. Eng. J. 2022, 450, 138379.
10.1016/j.cej.2022.138379
CAS Web of Science® Google Scholar
37H. Wang, R. Shang, J. Chen, X. Jin, K. Chen, B. Huang, H. Chen, Q.-L. Lu, Nano Energy 2024, 128, 109843.
10.1016/j.nanoen.2024.109843
CAS Web of Science® Google Scholar
38a) H. Guo, Y. Han, W. Zhao, J. Yang, L. Zhang, Nat. Commun. 2020, 11, 2037;
10.1038/s41467-020-15949-8
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
b) E. Yilgör, E. Burgaz, E. Yurtsever, İ. Yilgör, Polymer 2000, 41, 849.
10.1016/S0032-3861(99)00245-1
CAS Web of Science® Google Scholar
39X. Wan, T. Mu, G. Yin, Nano-Micro Lett. 2023, 15, 99.
10.1007/s40820-023-01075-9
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
40A. Lerbret, F. Affouard, J. Phys. Chem. B 2017, 121, 9437.
10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b07082
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
41a) D. Vinciguerra, M. B. Gelb, H. D. Maynard, JACS Au 2022, 2, 1561;
10.1021/jacsau.2c00309
CAS PubMed Google Scholar
b) M. Burek, Z. P. Czuba, S. Waskiewicz, Polymer 2014, 55, 6460;
10.1016/j.polymer.2014.10.032
CAS Web of Science® Google Scholar
c) M. Burek, M. Kowalczyk, Z. P. Czuba, W. Krol, R. Pilawka, S. Waskiewicz, Polym. Degrad. Stab. 2016, 129, 296.
10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2016.05.009
CAS Web of Science® Google Scholar
42a) Y. Zhou, L. Li, Z. Han, Q. Li, J. He, Q. Wang, Chem. Rev. 2023, 123, 558;
10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00231
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
b) S. Wang, M. W. Urban, Nat. Rev. Mater. 2020, 5, 562;
10.1038/s41578-020-0202-4
CAS Web of Science® Google Scholar
c) J. Ekeocha, C. Ellingford, M. Pan, A. M. Wemyss, C. Bowen, C. Wan, Adv. Mater. 2021, 33, 2008052.
10.1002/adma.202008052
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
43a) J. Wu, Z. Wu, Y. Wei, H. Ding, W. Huang, X. Gui, W. Shi, Y. Shen, K. Tao, X. Xie, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2020, 12, 19069;
10.1021/acsami.0c04359
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar
b) J. Tie, Z. Mao, L. Zhang, Y. Zhong, X. Sui, H. Xu, Polym. Chem. 2022, 13, 4064.
10.1039/D2PY00594H
CAS Web of Science® Google Scholar
44a) Y. Huang, W. Zhu, J. Zhou, Y. Yu, Q. Zhang, S. Hu, Y. Deng, IEEE Sens. J. 2023, 23, 19409;
10.1109/JSEN.2023.3294524
CAS Google Scholar
b) P. Lugoda, J. C. Costa, C. Oliveira, L. A. Garcia-Garcia, S. D. Wickramasinghe, A. Pouryazdan, D. Roggen, T. Dias, N. Münzenrieder, Sensors 2020, 20, 73;
10.3390/s20010073
Web of Science® Google Scholar
c) S. S. Phadkule, S. Sarma, Polym. Compos. 2023, 44, 1381.
10.1002/pc.27178
CAS Web of Science® Google Scholar
45a) L. Yang, Z. Wang, H. Wang, B. Jin, C. Meng, X. Chen, R. Li, H. Wang, M. Xin, Z. Zhao, S. Guo, J. Wu, H. Cheng, Adv. Mater. 2023, 35, 2207742;
10.1002/adma.202207742
CAS Web of Science® Google Scholar
b) A. B. Nigusse, B. Malengier, D. A. Mengistie, G. B. Tseghai, L. Van Langenhove, Sensors 2020, 20, 6233.
10.3390/s20216233
CAS Web of Science® Google Scholar
46a) Z. Zhang, Y. Gao, Y. Gao, F. Jia, G. Gao, Chem. Eng. J. 2023, 452, 139014;
10.1016/j.cej.2022.139014
CAS Web of Science® Google Scholar
b) Y. Wu, Y. Deng, K. Zhang, J. Qiu, J. Wu, L. Yan, ACS Appl. Energy Mater. 2022, 5, 3013;
10.1021/acsaem.1c03654
CAS Web of Science® Google Scholar
c) Y. Liang, D. Zou, Y. Zhang, Z. Zhong, Chem. Eng. J. 2023, 475, 145928.
10.1016/j.cej.2023.145928
CAS Web of Science® Google Scholar
47P. Yilmaz Erdogan, H. Zengin, A. Yavuz, Solid State Ionics 2020, 352, 115362.
10.1016/j.ssi.2020.115362
CAS Google Scholar
48H. Lee, G. Jung, K. Keum, J. W. Kim, H. Jeong, Y. H. Lee, D. S. Kim, J. S. Ha, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2021, 31, 2106491.
10.1002/adfm.202106491
CAS Web of Science® Google Scholar
49a) J.-l. Hong, J.-h. Liu, X. Xiong, S.-y. Qin, X.-y. Xu, X. Meng, K. Gu, J. Tang, D.-Z. Chen, Electrochem. Commun. 2023, 148, 107456;
10.1016/j.elecom.2023.107456
CAS Web of Science® Google Scholar
b) O. B. Okafor, A. P. I. Popoola, O. M. Popoola, U. O. Uyor, V. E. Ogbonna, Polym. Bull. 2024, 81, 189.
10.1007/s00289-023-04710-y
CAS Google Scholar
50F. Fan, J. Szpunar, Macromol. Mater. Eng. 2015, 300, 99.
10.1002/mame.201400122
CAS Web of Science® Google Scholar
51Y. Yanagisawa, Y. Nan, K. Okuro, T. Aida, Science 2018, 359, 72.
10.1126/science.aam7588
CAS PubMed Web of Science® Google Scholar

Citing Literature

Volume21, Issue3

January 22, 2025

2409365

Self-Healing and Antifreezing/Antidrying Conductive Eutectohydrogel-Based Biosignal Monitoring Multisensors with Integrated Supercapacitor

Abstract

Conflict of Interest

Open Research

Data Availability Statement

Supporting Information

References

Citing Literature

References

Information

About Wiley Online Library

Help & Support

Opportunities

Connect with Wiley

Self-Healing and Antifreezing/Antidrying Conductive Eutectohydrogel-Based Biosignal Monitoring Multisensors with Integrated Supercapacitor

Abstract

Conflict of Interest

Open Research

Data Availability Statement

Supporting Information

References

Citing Literature

References

Related

Information