Childhood overweight and obesity: age stratification contributes to the differences in metabolic characteristics
Jinxia Wu
Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
Search for more papers by this authorZhenchang Li
Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
Search for more papers by this authorHongwei Zhu
Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
Search for more papers by this authorYajie Chang
Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
Search for more papers by this authorQuanquan Li
Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Jing Chen
Department of Child Health, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
Correspondence
Jianghua Feng, Department of Electronic Science, Xiamen University, 422 Siming South Road, Siming District, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China.
Email: [email protected]
Jing Chen, Department of Child Health, Women and Children's Hospital, Xiamen University, 10 Zhenhai Road, Siming District, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, China.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorGuiping Shen
Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Jianghua Feng
Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
Correspondence
Jianghua Feng, Department of Electronic Science, Xiamen University, 422 Siming South Road, Siming District, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China.
Email: [email protected]
Jing Chen, Department of Child Health, Women and Children's Hospital, Xiamen University, 10 Zhenhai Road, Siming District, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, China.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorJinxia Wu
Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
Search for more papers by this authorZhenchang Li
Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
Search for more papers by this authorHongwei Zhu
Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
Search for more papers by this authorYajie Chang
Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
Search for more papers by this authorQuanquan Li
Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Jing Chen
Department of Child Health, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
Correspondence
Jianghua Feng, Department of Electronic Science, Xiamen University, 422 Siming South Road, Siming District, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China.
Email: [email protected]
Jing Chen, Department of Child Health, Women and Children's Hospital, Xiamen University, 10 Zhenhai Road, Siming District, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, China.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorGuiping Shen
Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Jianghua Feng
Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
Correspondence
Jianghua Feng, Department of Electronic Science, Xiamen University, 422 Siming South Road, Siming District, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China.
Email: [email protected]
Jing Chen, Department of Child Health, Women and Children's Hospital, Xiamen University, 10 Zhenhai Road, Siming District, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, China.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
Objective
The aim of this study was to identify the differential metabolic characteristics of children with overweight and obesity and understand their potential mechanism in different age stratifications.
Methods
Four hundred seventy-three children were recruited and divided into two age stratifications: >4 years (older children) and ≤4 years (younger children), and overweight and obesity were defined according to their BMI percentile. A one dimensional proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR)–based metabolomics strategy combined with pattern recognition methods was used to identify the metabolic characteristics of childhood overweight and obesity.
Results
Four and sixteen potential biomarkers related to overweight and two and twenty potential biomarkers related to obesity were identified from younger and older children, respectively. Fluctuations in phenylalanine, tyrosine, glutamine, leucine, histidine, and ascorbate co-occurred in children with obesity at two age stratifications. The disturbances in biosynthesis and metabolism of amino acids, lipid metabolism, and galactose metabolism disturbance were mainly involved in children with overweight and obesity.
Conclusions
The metabolic disturbances show a significant progression from overweight to obesity in children, and different metabolic characteristics were demonstrated in age stratifications. The changes in the levels of phenylalanine, tyrosine, glutamine, leucine, histidine, and ascorbate were tracked with the persistence of childhood obesity. These findings will promote the mechanistic understanding of childhood overweight and obesity.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT
The authors declared no conflict of interest.
Open Research
DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT
The study data are available on demand.
Supporting Information
| Filename | Description |
|---|---|
| oby23964-sup-0001-Supinfo.docxWord 2007 document , 13.5 MB | FIGURE S1. Average 1H-NMR spectra of sera from the children clinical cohort. The spectral regions of δ6.00–8.60 (in the dashed box) were vertically expanded 20 times compared with those of δ0.50–6.00 for clarity, and the keys of the abbreviations on the spectra and the spectral information were represented in Table S1 in the supplemental materials. Con: control group; Ow: group with overweight; Ob: group with obesity. FIGURE S2. Serum metabolic differences among the children with overweight and obesity and control children in younger (≤4 year) and older (>4 year) cohort. Left panels: PLS-DA scores plots; Right panels: OPLS-DA scores plots and permutation test for pairwise comparison. TABLE S1. The identified metabolites from 1H-NMR spectra of serum samples of children. TABLE S2. Summary of the model quality parameters of the multivariate statistical analysis. |
| oby23964-sup-0002-TableS3.xlsxExcel 2007 spreadsheet , 25 KB | TABLE S3. Supporting Information. |
Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
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