Immunomodulatory response of layered small intestinal submucosa in a rat bladder regeneration model
Ding Xia
Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
Department of Urology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
Search for more papers by this authorQing Yang
Department of Urology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
Search for more papers by this authorKar-Ming Fung
Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
Search for more papers by this authorRheal A. Towner
Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, 73104
Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
Search for more papers by this authorNataliya Smith
Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, 73104
Search for more papers by this authorDebra Saunders
Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, 73104
Search for more papers by this authorBeverley Greenwood-Van Meerveld
Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
Search for more papers by this authorBradley P. Kropp
Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Sundararajan V. Madihally
School of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, 74078
Correspondence to: Hsueh-Kung Lin; e-mail: [email protected] or Sundararajan V. Madihally; e-mail: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Hsueh-Kung Lin
Department of Urology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
School of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, 74078
Correspondence to: Hsueh-Kung Lin; e-mail: [email protected] or Sundararajan V. Madihally; e-mail: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorDing Xia
Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
Department of Urology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
Search for more papers by this authorQing Yang
Department of Urology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
Search for more papers by this authorKar-Ming Fung
Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
Search for more papers by this authorRheal A. Towner
Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, 73104
Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
Search for more papers by this authorNataliya Smith
Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, 73104
Search for more papers by this authorDebra Saunders
Advanced Magnetic Resonance Center, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, 73104
Search for more papers by this authorBeverley Greenwood-Van Meerveld
Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
Search for more papers by this authorBradley P. Kropp
Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, People's Republic of China
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Sundararajan V. Madihally
School of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, 74078
Correspondence to: Hsueh-Kung Lin; e-mail: [email protected] or Sundararajan V. Madihally; e-mail: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Hsueh-Kung Lin
Department of Urology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104
School of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, 74078
Correspondence to: Hsueh-Kung Lin; e-mail: [email protected] or Sundararajan V. Madihally; e-mail: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
Based on the hypothesis that bioscaffold permeability is a major factor in determining the outcome of histologically complete and functional bladder regeneration, we evaluated regeneration processes of four-layer porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS) construct; and compared results between rat bladders augmented with single-layer SIS bioscaffolds. Sprague–Dawley female rats were subjected to hemi-cystectomy followed by anastomosis of a patch of either single- or four-layer porcine SIS. Permeability was analyzed in situ using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at post-operative days 7 and 14. Bladder sections excised at days 7, 14, 28, and 56 post-operation Samples were assessed by H&E and Masson's trichrome stains. Urothelial differentiation was analyzed using cytokeratin AE1/AE3, and uroplakin III (UPIII). In addition, quantitative and qualitative evaluations of neutrophils, mast cells, eosinophils, and macrophages were performed using anti-myeloperoxidase, Alcian blue, Giemsa stain, and anti-CD68 staining methods, respectively. Four-layer SIS was consistently impermeable as evidenced by the absence of intravesical administered gadolinium with diethylenetriaminepentacetate (Gd-DTPA) contrast signal in peripheral regions of augmented bladders compared with single-layer SIS bioscaffold. Elevated and sustained eosinophil and neutrophil infiltrations were prominent in four-layered SIS-augmented bladders compared with single-layer SIS with comparable impermeability. Delayed but consistent urothelial regeneration and differentiation were observed in four-layer SIS-augmented bladders; and urothelial differentiation was observed at day 56 post-augmentation. In conclusion, four-layer SIS enacts an elevated inflammatory response along with extended urothelial regeneration. Four-layer SIS may activate a different but yet to be identified mechanism for inflammatory responses. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 1960–1969, 2019.
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
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