Funding information: Selcuk University Scientific Research Foundation, Grant/Award Number: 20111006; Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştirma Kurumu, Grant/Award Number: 119Z497; Research Foundation; Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey

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Summary

New photocatalysts comprising the 2D/2D heterojunction of graphitic carbon nitride (gCN) and molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂) semiconductors doped with nickel (Ni) or cobalt (Co), denoted as gCN/MoS₂-M (M: Ni, Co), were fabricated for the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) under visible light illumination. First, the binary gCN/MoS₂ heterojunctions were fabricated by using an in-situ solvothermal method and then they were doped with Ni or Co via a chemical reduction method. The photocatalytic HER experiments revealed that the prepared gCN/MoS₂-M (M: Ni, Co) photocatalysts showed enhanced HER activities and stabilities compared to pristine gCN and binary gCN/MoS₂ heterojunctions. Total H₂ productions of 5924 μmol g_cat⁻¹ and 5159 μmol g_cat⁻¹ in 8 hours were provided by using gCN/MoS₂-Ni and gCN/MoS₂-Co photocatalysts, respectively, under visible light illumination. The detailed structural characterization and examination of optical properties of gCN/MoS₂-M (M: Ni, Co) photocatalysts revealed that their enhanced photocatalytic activities were attributed to the formation of ‘type-I' 2D/2D heterojunction between gCN and MoS₂ semiconductors and the creation of S-deficient MoS₂ nanostructures after Ni or Co doping, which promoted the separation of the photogenerated electron-hole pairs, the charge mobility, and the visible light absorption.

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Figure S1. TEM images of the gCN/MoS₂-10 binary nanocomposites.

Figure S2. a, b, c, d) TEM images and e) HR-TEM images of the gCN/MoS₂-Co (1%) nanocomposites

Figure S3. a) STEM image and b) elemental images of gCN/MoS₂-Ni (1%) heterojunction

Figure S4. SEM image of a) gCN, b) gCN/MoS₂-10, c) gCN/MoS₂-Ni (1%) and d) gCN/MoS₂-Co (1%) heterojunctions.

Figure S5. XRD patterns of a) MoS₂, b) gCN/MoS₂-10, and c) pristine gCN samples

Figure S6. a) Raman spectra of and b) Tauc Plot of 2H-MoS₂

Figure S7. N₂ adsorption-desorption isotherms of a) gCN, b) gCN/MoS₂-15, c) gCN/MoS₂-Ni (1%), and d) gCN/MoS₂-Co (1%) nanocomposites.

Figure S8. a) Survey spectrum and the high resolution XPS b) O1s and c) N1s of gCN/MoS₂-Ni (%1)

Figure S9. a) Survey spectrum and the high resolution XPS b) Co2p of gCN/MoS₂-Co (%1)

Figure S10. Comparison of S2p core levels of a) gCN/MoS₂-10 and b) gCN/MoS₂-Ni (1%)

Figure S11. Color of the prepared materials 1) pristine g-CN, 2) gCN/MoS₂-10 nanocomposites, and 3) gCN/MoS₂-Ni (%1) photocatalysts.

Figure S12. EIS Nyquist plots of gCN, gCN/MoS₂-10, gCN/MoS₂-Ni (1%), and gCN/MoS₂-Co (1%) nanocomposites.

Figure S13. Reusability test of gCN/MoS₂-Ni (1%) nanocomposites with third cycle

Figure S14. High resolution XPS spectrum of gCN/MoS₂-Ni (1%) nanocomposites after reusability tests a) Mo3d, b) S2p, and c) Ni2p core level.

Figure S15. TEM images of gCN/MoS₂-Ni (1%) nanocomposites after reusability tests.

Figure S16. Mott Schottky plots of a) MoS₂ and b) gCN samples under dark conditions

Table S1. The HER rates of gCN/MoS₂-Y (Y: Ni, Co) with comparison of literature.

Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.

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Transition metal (Ni, co)-doped graphitic carbon nitride/MoS₂ heterojunctions as efficient photocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction under visible light

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Transition metal (Ni, co)-doped graphitic carbon nitride/MoS2 heterojunctions as efficient photocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction under visible light

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Transition metal (Ni, co)-doped graphitic carbon nitride/MoS₂ heterojunctions as efficient photocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction under visible light