Particle Size Control during Ultrasonic Cooling Crystallization of Paracetamol
Bjorn Gielen
KU Leuven, Department of Chemical Engineering, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, box 2424, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
KU Leuven, Faculty of Engineering Science, Lab4U, Agoralaan building B box 8, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
Search for more papers by this authorThomas Claes
KU Leuven, Department of Chemical Engineering, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, box 2424, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
Search for more papers by this authorJonas Janssens
KU Leuven, Faculty of Engineering Science, Lab4U, Agoralaan building B box 8, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
Search for more papers by this authorJeroen Jordens
KU Leuven, Department of Chemical Engineering, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, box 2424, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
KU Leuven, Faculty of Engineering Science, Lab4U, Agoralaan building B box 8, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
Search for more papers by this authorLeen C. J. Thomassen
KU Leuven, Department of Chemical Engineering, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, box 2424, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
KU Leuven, Faculty of Engineering Science, Lab4U, Agoralaan building B box 8, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
Search for more papers by this authorTom Van Gerven
KU Leuven, Department of Chemical Engineering, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, box 2424, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Leen Braeken
KU Leuven, Department of Chemical Engineering, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, box 2424, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
KU Leuven, Faculty of Engineering Science, Lab4U, Agoralaan building B box 8, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
Correspondence: Leen Braeken ([email protected]), KU Leuven, Department of Chemical Engineering, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, box 2424, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.Search for more papers by this authorBjorn Gielen
KU Leuven, Department of Chemical Engineering, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, box 2424, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
KU Leuven, Faculty of Engineering Science, Lab4U, Agoralaan building B box 8, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
Search for more papers by this authorThomas Claes
KU Leuven, Department of Chemical Engineering, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, box 2424, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
Search for more papers by this authorJonas Janssens
KU Leuven, Faculty of Engineering Science, Lab4U, Agoralaan building B box 8, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
Search for more papers by this authorJeroen Jordens
KU Leuven, Department of Chemical Engineering, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, box 2424, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
KU Leuven, Faculty of Engineering Science, Lab4U, Agoralaan building B box 8, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
Search for more papers by this authorLeen C. J. Thomassen
KU Leuven, Department of Chemical Engineering, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, box 2424, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
KU Leuven, Faculty of Engineering Science, Lab4U, Agoralaan building B box 8, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
Search for more papers by this authorTom Van Gerven
KU Leuven, Department of Chemical Engineering, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, box 2424, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Leen Braeken
KU Leuven, Department of Chemical Engineering, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, box 2424, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
KU Leuven, Faculty of Engineering Science, Lab4U, Agoralaan building B box 8, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
Correspondence: Leen Braeken ([email protected]), KU Leuven, Department of Chemical Engineering, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, box 2424, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
The effect of ultrasound on the crystal size during cooling crystallization of paracetamol was investigated. Sonication was enabled in three distinct stages to define the operating guidelines for crystal size control. In addition, it was identified whether size reduction results from a higher amount of nuclei upon primary nucleation or from enhanced secondary nucleation. The results show that tuning of the ultrasonic power density and exposure time after nucleation results in crystal sizes between 70 and 140 µm. In contrast, the use of ultrasound before nucleation does not affect the size, indicating enhanced secondary nucleation as the main mechanism. Finally, sonication after complete desupersaturation reduces the crystal size by about 30 µm but causes surface erosion.
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