Bio-Based Mono- and Difunctional Phthalonitrile Resin Foams
Caleb M. Bunton
ASEE Post-Doctoral Fellow, Naval Research Laboratory of the United States, Washington, D.C, USA
Contribution: Conceptualization (lead), Investigation (lead), Methodology (lead)
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
James D. Sitter
Federal Employee, Naval Research Laboratory of the United States, Washington, D.C, USA
Correspondence:
James D. Sitter ([email protected])
Contribution: Data curation (supporting), Investigation (supporting), Writing - original draft (equal), Writing - review & editing (supporting)
Search for more papers by this authorTyler J. Richardson
ASEE Post-Doctoral Fellow, Naval Research Laboratory of the United States, Washington, D.C, USA
Contribution: Data curation (equal), Formal analysis (supporting), Writing - review & editing (supporting)
Search for more papers by this authorJennifer L. Dysart
Federal Employee, Naval Research Laboratory of the United States, Washington, D.C, USA
Contribution: Data curation (supporting), Formal analysis (supporting)
Search for more papers by this authorGrant C. Daniels
Federal Employee, Naval Research Laboratory of the United States, Washington, D.C, USA
Contribution: Data curation (supporting)
Search for more papers by this authorOlufolasade F. Atoyebi
Nova Research Inc., Alexandria, Virginia, USA
Contribution: Data curation (supporting)
Search for more papers by this authorMatthew Laskoski
Federal Employee, Naval Research Laboratory of the United States, Washington, D.C, USA
Contribution: Formal analysis (supporting), Funding acquisition (lead), Investigation (supporting), Writing - review & editing (supporting)
Search for more papers by this authorCaleb M. Bunton
ASEE Post-Doctoral Fellow, Naval Research Laboratory of the United States, Washington, D.C, USA
Contribution: Conceptualization (lead), Investigation (lead), Methodology (lead)
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
James D. Sitter
Federal Employee, Naval Research Laboratory of the United States, Washington, D.C, USA
Correspondence:
James D. Sitter ([email protected])
Contribution: Data curation (supporting), Investigation (supporting), Writing - original draft (equal), Writing - review & editing (supporting)
Search for more papers by this authorTyler J. Richardson
ASEE Post-Doctoral Fellow, Naval Research Laboratory of the United States, Washington, D.C, USA
Contribution: Data curation (equal), Formal analysis (supporting), Writing - review & editing (supporting)
Search for more papers by this authorJennifer L. Dysart
Federal Employee, Naval Research Laboratory of the United States, Washington, D.C, USA
Contribution: Data curation (supporting), Formal analysis (supporting)
Search for more papers by this authorGrant C. Daniels
Federal Employee, Naval Research Laboratory of the United States, Washington, D.C, USA
Contribution: Data curation (supporting)
Search for more papers by this authorOlufolasade F. Atoyebi
Nova Research Inc., Alexandria, Virginia, USA
Contribution: Data curation (supporting)
Search for more papers by this authorMatthew Laskoski
Federal Employee, Naval Research Laboratory of the United States, Washington, D.C, USA
Contribution: Formal analysis (supporting), Funding acquisition (lead), Investigation (supporting), Writing - review & editing (supporting)
Search for more papers by this authorFunding: This work was supported by US Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) and the Office of Naval Research (ONR).
ABSTRACT
The development of two new bio-based phthalonitrile (PN) resin foams with intrinsic blowing agents is reported. The resins were characterized via attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), pycnometry, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), rheometry, and compression testing. The porosity of 3-[4-(3,4-Dicyanophenoxy)phenyl]-2-propenoic acid-phthalonitrile CAPN and 3-[3,4-di(3,4-Dicyanophenoxy)phenyl]-2-propenoic acid-phthalonitrile CFPN were calculated to be 0.610 and 0.437 respectively. Thermal and thermooxidative stability was determined for both resins under nitrogen and air environments. CAPN and CFPN displayed final char yields of 67% and 69% under nitrogen environments while the T d,5% under air environments were 200°C and 360°C respectively. Finally, compression analysis shows the CAPN to be a stiffer material than the larger CFPN foam resin.
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
Open Research
Data Availability Statement
The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Supporting Information
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Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
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