Volume 64, Issue 30 e202501338
Research Article

Electronically Asynchronous Transition State Tuned from Remote Site for Oxygen Atom Transfer by CuII–Nitrite Complexes

Jyoti Devi

Jyoti Devi

Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81, Manauli PO 140306, SAS Nagar, Punjab, India

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Dr. Anannya Saha

Corresponding Author

Dr. Anannya Saha

Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81, Manauli PO 140306, SAS Nagar, Punjab, India

E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]

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Dr. Suman K. Barman

Corresponding Author

Dr. Suman K. Barman

Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81, Manauli PO 140306, SAS Nagar, Punjab, India

E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]

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First published: 23 May 2025

Graphical Abstract

This work demonstrates the occurrence of electronically asynchronous transition state in oxygen atom transfer (OAT) reaction by CuII–NO2 complexes (14) controlled from remote site. OAT reactivity was found to be linearly correlated with  β-LUMO and Cu(II)/(I) redox potentials, which were tuned from remote site substituents. Mechanistic study indicates asynchronous electron transfer mechanism where CuII/I reduction precedes nitrite reduction.

Abstract

Nitrite (NO2) reduction to nitric oxide (NO) is of paramount interest in biology. In biology, Cu–nitrite reductase reduces NO2 to NO, while alternatively NO2 can be reduced to NO at copper center via oxygen atom transfer (OAT) to electron-rich substrate like PPh3. This work demonstrates systematic tuning of lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy by remote site modification, which leads to systematic change in electrochemical property and OAT activity of CuII–NO2 involving electronically asynchronous transition state. For this purpose, we report here four CuII–NO2 complexes: [CuII(LCH2)(NO2)(ClO4)] (1), [CuII(LO)(NO2)(ClO4)] (2), [CuII(LCH2Me)(NO2)(ClO4)] (3), [CuII(LOMe)(NO2)(ClO4)] (4) with similar primary coordination spheres but different substituents at remote sites. In going from 1 to 4, by remote site substitution, there is systematic stabilization of LUMO energy, which correlates linearly with the increased OAT to PPh3 resulting in 130 times reactivity enhancement for 4 compared to 1. This kind of significant reactivity enhancement by tuning LUMO energy from remote site is very rare. Mechanistic study involving experimental and computational study reveals asynchronous mechanism that was hitherto not reported for any OAT. The observed increase in OAT reactivity from 1 to 4 is attributed to an increase in the extent of asynchronicity in corresponding transition states, which was controlled from remote site modification.

Conflict of Interests

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Data Availability Statement

All experimental data, detailed experimental as well as computational methods and optimised coordinates are available in the Supporting information of this article.

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