Volume 64, Issue 24 e202425335
Research Article

Selective Leaflet-Anchored DNA Nanoprobes for Simultaneous Monitoring of Juxta-Plasma Membrane Environments

Yao He

Yao He

Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering College of Biology, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082 China

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Jie Lin

Jie Lin

Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering College of Biology, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082 China

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Fandi Wu

Fandi Wu

Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering College of Biology, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082 China

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Yong-Hao Ma

Yong-Hao Ma

Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering College of Biology, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082 China

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Zhaoyang Wang

Zhaoyang Wang

Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering College of Biology, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082 China

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Hui Wu

Hui Wu

The Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province for Aptamers and Theranostics Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022 China

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Zhimin Wang

Zhimin Wang

Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering College of Biology, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082 China

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Nachuan Wen

Nachuan Wen

Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering College of Biology, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082 China

The Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province for Aptamers and Theranostics Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022 China

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Yutong Zhang

Yutong Zhang

Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering College of Biology, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082 China

The Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province for Aptamers and Theranostics Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022 China

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Wenfei Guo

Wenfei Guo

Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering College of Biology, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082 China

The Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province for Aptamers and Theranostics Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022 China

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Yulin Du

Yulin Du

The Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province for Aptamers and Theranostics Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022 China

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Weihong Tan

Weihong Tan

Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering College of Biology, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082 China

The Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province for Aptamers and Theranostics Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022 China

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Liping Qiu

Corresponding Author

Liping Qiu

Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering College of Biology, Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082 China

The Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province for Aptamers and Theranostics Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022 China

E-mail: [email protected]

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First published: 08 April 2025

Graphical Abstract

Fusogenic nanoliposomes were developed to effectively anchor amphiphilic DNA tetrahedral probes onto the inner leaflet of the cell membrane. By combining this strategy with the direct anchoring of amphiphilic probes on the outer leaflet, precise functionalization of both membrane leaflets could be achieved, thereby enabling simultaneous monitoring of both the inner and outer juxta-plasma membrane environments.

Abstract

The cell membrane functions as a bidirectional interface that coordinates the selective transport of substances and information between the interior and exterior of the cell. Simultaneous monitoring of both the inner and outer local environments surrounding this lipid bilayer is crucial for elucidating various cellular activities but significantly challenged by the lack of technologies capable of precisely engineering biosensing probes on both membrane leaflets. In this work, by developing fusogenic nanoliposomes with high cell fusion efficiency, we successfully anchored amphiphilic DNA tetrahedral probes onto the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane. By integrating this with the direct anchoring of amphiphilic probes on the outer leaflet, we achieved precise functionalization of both leaflets of the cell membrane, thus enabling simultaneous monitoring of localized targets within their respective juxta-plasma membrane environments, avoiding signal contamination caused by the optical diffraction limit. Using selectively dual-leaflet-anchored tetrahedral DNAzyme probes, we revealed that the transmembrane ion channel SLC41A1 synergistically modulated the influx of Na+ and the efflux of Mg2+ in live cells. With a modular design, this membrane-anchored DNA nanoplatform can be readily extended for the study of bilateral interface-dominant cellular processes, shifting the paradigm toward a more localized and subtle perspective.

Conflict of Interests

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Data Availability Statement

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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