Unraveling Epitaxial Habits in the NaLnF4 System for Color Multiplexing at the Single-Particle Level
Yuhai Zhang
Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543 Singapore
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Prof. Ling Huang
Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816 China
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Prof. Xiaogang Liu
Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543 Singapore
Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 3 Research Link, Singapore, 117602 Singapore
Center for Functional Materials, NUS (Suzhou) Research Institute, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123 China
Search for more papers by this authorYuhai Zhang
Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543 Singapore
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Prof. Ling Huang
Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816 China
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Prof. Xiaogang Liu
Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543 Singapore
Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 3 Research Link, Singapore, 117602 Singapore
Center for Functional Materials, NUS (Suzhou) Research Institute, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123 China
Search for more papers by this authorGraphical Abstract
Pimp my particles: Fine control of crystal epitaxial growth was achieved with a NaLnF4 system by using a modified hydrothermal method. On the basis of kinetic and thermodynamic investigations, it is shown that by precisely controlling shell thickness and growth orientation it is possible to grow microparticles with multicolor emitting capabilities at the single-particle level.
Abstract
We report an epitaxial growth technique for scalable production of hybrid sodium rare-earth fluoride (NaLnF4) microcrystals, including NaYF4, NaYbF4, and NaLuF4 material systems. The single crystalline nature of the as-synthesized products makes them strong upconversion emission. The freedom of combining a lanthanide activator (Er3+ or Tm3+) with a sensitizer (Yb3+) at various doping concentrations readily gives access to color multiplexing at the single-particle level. Our kinetic and thermodynamic investigations on the epitaxial growth of core–shell microcrystals using NaLnF4 particle seeds suggest that within a certain size regime it is plausible to exert precise control over shell thickness and growth orientation under hydrothermal conditions.
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