Volume 129, Issue 15 pp. 4378-4383
Zuschrift

Interactions of Renal-Clearable Gold Nanoparticles with Tumor Microenvironments: Vasculature and Acidity Effects

Prof. Dr. Mengxiao Yu

Prof. Dr. Mengxiao Yu

Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Rd., Richardson, TX, 75080 USA

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Dr. Chen Zhou

Dr. Chen Zhou

Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Rd., Richardson, TX, 75080 USA

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Prof. Dr. Li Liu

Prof. Dr. Li Liu

Department of Radiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390 USA

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Dr. Shanrong Zhang

Dr. Shanrong Zhang

Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA

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Dr. Shasha Sun

Dr. Shasha Sun

Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Rd., Richardson, TX, 75080 USA

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Julia D. Hankins

Julia D. Hankins

Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Rd., Richardson, TX, 75080 USA

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Prof. Dr. Xiankai Sun

Corresponding Author

Prof. Dr. Xiankai Sun

Department of Radiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390 USA

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Prof. Dr. Jie Zheng

Corresponding Author

Prof. Dr. Jie Zheng

Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 W. Campbell Rd., Richardson, TX, 75080 USA

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First published: 13 March 2017
Citations: 17

Abstract

The success of nanomedicines in the clinic depends on our comprehensive understanding of nano–bio interactions in tumor microenvironments, which are characterized by dense leaky microvasculature and acidic extracellular pH (pHe) values. Herein, we investigated the accumulation of ultrasmall renal-clearable gold NPs (AuNPs) with and without acidity targeting in xenograft mouse models of two prostate cancer types, PC-3 and LNCaP, with distinct microenvironments. Our results show that both sets of AuNPs could easily penetrate into the tumors but their uptake and retention were mainly dictated by the tumor microvasculature and the enhanced permeability and retention effect over the entire targeting process. On the other hand, increased tumor acidity indeed enhanced the uptake of AuNPs with acidity targeting, but only for a limited period of time. By making use of simple surface chemistry, these two effects can be synchronized in time for high tumor targeting, opening new possibilities to further improve the targeting efficiencies of nanomedicines.

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