ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Radiological characteristics of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder in Egypt
Ahmed Nasreldein,
Hasan Farweez,
Noha Abo Elfetoh,
Eman R. Badawy,
Doaa M. Mahmoud,
Sara Hassanein,
Eman Khedr,
Ahmed Nasreldein
Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
Search for more papers by this authorHasan Farweez
Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
Search for more papers by this authorNoha Abo Elfetoh
Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
Search for more papers by this authorEman R. Badawy
Department of Clinical Pathology, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Doaa M. Mahmoud
Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
Correspondence
Doaa M. Mahmoud, Lecturer of Neurology, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorSara Hassanein
Department of Radiology, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
Search for more papers by this authorEman Khedr
Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
Search for more papers by this authorAhmed Nasreldein,
Hasan Farweez,
Noha Abo Elfetoh,
Eman R. Badawy,
Doaa M. Mahmoud,
Sara Hassanein,
Eman Khedr,
Ahmed Nasreldein
Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
Search for more papers by this authorHasan Farweez
Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
Search for more papers by this authorNoha Abo Elfetoh
Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
Search for more papers by this authorEman R. Badawy
Department of Clinical Pathology, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Doaa M. Mahmoud
Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
Correspondence
Doaa M. Mahmoud, Lecturer of Neurology, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorSara Hassanein
Department of Radiology, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
Search for more papers by this authorEman Khedr
Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
Search for more papers by this authorFirst published: 10 February 2022
Abstract
Background
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, which mainly affects the optic nerves and the spinal cord. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays an important role in the diagnosis of NMOSD based on the 2015 consensus criteria.
Methods
The objective of this study was to describe the MRI characteristics of NMOSD patients in Egypt. This were a prospective, observational study on patients fulfilling the 2015 diagnostic criteria of NMOSD. Patients were recruited consecutively from the Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery hospital, Assiut University Hospitals, Egypt from March 2019 until August 2020. Data on demographics, clinical and laboratory features were collected. MRI scan results were reviewed for each patient and compared according to Aquaporin4-seropositivity.
Results
Ninety patients fulfilled NMOSD diagnostic criteria. The mean age at onset was 30.7±11.8 with a female predominance of 3:1. AQP4 antibodies were positive in 77/90 patients (85.6%). Seventy-two patients (80%) had acute myelitis, 44 cases (61.1%) had longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (LETM) and 61 cases (87.1%) had a central position in the cord. Bright spotty lesions (BSL) were found in 44 cases (61.1%). The most common site of cord involvement was the cervical region. Abnormal MRI brain scans were found in 81.1% of patients. No statistically significant differences could be found between the two groups.
Conclusion
There was a high frequency of abnormal spine and brain MRI findings in the Egyptian population. Even though no specific patterns were typical for AQP4-specific serostatus, certain findings may suggest NMOSD diagnosis and warrant AQP4-IgGs testing.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
All authors declare that they have no competing interest.
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