A Review: Natural Fiber Composites Selection in View of Mechanical, Light Weight, and Economic Properties
Furqan Ahmad
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Myongji University, Yongin, Korea
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Korea
Search for more papers by this authorHeung Soap Choi
Department of Mechanical and Design Engineering, Hongik University, Sejong, Korea
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Myung Kyun Park
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Myongji University, Yongin, Korea
Search for more papers by this authorFurqan Ahmad
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Myongji University, Yongin, Korea
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Korea
Search for more papers by this authorHeung Soap Choi
Department of Mechanical and Design Engineering, Hongik University, Sejong, Korea
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Myung Kyun Park
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Myongji University, Yongin, Korea
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
In this study, the properties and application of natural fiber composites in automobile industries are discussed. Natural fibers are replacing the synthetic fibers in the various parts of automobiles due to their lightweight, low-cost, and environmental aspects. For centuries, natural fibers have been used for making baskets, clothing, and ropes. Now the trend is changing and natural fibers such as: jute, hemp, flax, and sisal fibers are making their ways especially into the components of automobiles. Comparisons of material indices for beam and panel structures were made to investigate the possibility of using natural fiber composites instead of conventional and non-conventional materials.
References
- 1 B. C. Suddell, W. J. Evans, D. H. Isaac, A. Crosky, Fourth International Symposium on Natural Polymers and Composites, Sao Pedro, Brazil 2002.
- 2 D. D. Andjelkovic, D. A. Culkin, R. Loza, M. J. Sumner, 9th Annual Automotive Composites Conference & Exhibition, Michigan, USA September, 2009.
- 3 D. S. Aparecido Paulo, C. G. Joao, A. Jay, M. Glauco, 8th Annual Automotive Composites Conference & Exhibition, Michigan, USA, September 2008.
- 4 A. Ashori, Bioresour. Technol. 2008, 99, 11.
- 5
C. B. Suddell,
J. E. William,
Natural Fiber Composites in Automotive Applications,
CRC Press,
Florida
2005.
10.1201/9780203508206.ch7 Google Scholar
- 6 A. Leão, R. Rowell, N. Tavares, Applications of Natural Fibers in Automotive Industry in Brazil – Thermoforming Process, Plenum Press, New York 1998.
- 7 D. Chandramohan,1 K. Marimuthu, Int. J. Res. Rev. Appl. Sci. 2011, 8, 2.
- 8 J. Biagiotti, D. Puglia, J. M. Kenny, J. Nat. Fibers 2008, 1, 2.
- 9 J. Biagiotti, D. Puglia, J. M. Kenny, J. Nat. Fibers 2008, 1, 3.
- 10 M. Thiruchitrambalam, A. Athijayamani, S. Sathiyamurthy, A. S. A. Thaheer, J. Nat. Fibers 2010, 7, 4.
- 11 A. N. Netravali, H. Xiaosong, K. Mizuta, Adv. Compos. Mater. 2012, 16, 4.
- 12 J. Summerscales, N. Dissanayake, A. Virk, W. Hall, Composites: Part A: Appl. Sci. Manuf. 2010, 41, 10.
- 13 A. K. Mohanty, M. Misra, G. Hinrichsen, Macromol. Mater. Eng. 2000, 276–277, 1.
- 14 European-Commission, Directive 2000/53/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 September. 2000, on End-of-Life Vehicles, Union OJotE; 2000. p. 9.
- 15Natural Fiber Composites Market Trend and Forecast 2011–2016: Trend, Forecast and Opportunity Analysis.
- 16 P. Wambua, J. Ivens, I. Verpoest, Compos. Sci. Technol., 2003, 63, 9.
- 17 U. G. K. Wegst, Ph. D. Thesis, University of Cambridge, UK 1996.
- 18 A. Ticolau, T. Aravinthan, F. Cardona, A Review of Current Development in Natural Fiber Composites for Structural and Infrastructure Applications, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba 2010, p. SREC2010-F1-5.
- 19 M. Karus, M. Kamp, D. Lohmeyer, Study of Markets and Price Situation of Natural Fibres (Germany and EU), Nova Institute, Germany 2000.
- 20 R. Kozlowski, M. Muzyczek, B. Mieleniak, J. Nat. Fibers 2008, 1, 1.
- 21 O. A. Khondker, U. S. Ishiaku, A. Nakai, H. Hamada, Composites: Part A: Appl. Sci. Manuf. 2006, 37, 12.
- 22
J. Holbery,
D. Houston,
J. Miner. Met. Mater. Soc.
2006,
58, 11.
10.1007/s11837-006-0234-2 Google Scholar
- 23
M. Bhowmick,
S. Mukhopadhyay,
R. Alagirusamy,
Text. Prog.
2012,
44, 2.
10.1080/00405167.2012.676800 Google Scholar
- 24 A. Athijayamani, M. Thiruchitrambalam, U. Natarajan, B. Pazhanivel, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 2009, 517, 1.
- 25 E. Y. Ishidi, I. K. Adamu, E. G. Kolawale, K. O. Sunmonu, M. K. Yakubu, J. Thermoplast. Compos. Mater. 2011, 24, 6.
- 26 A. Stamboulis, C. A. Baillie, S. K. Garkhail, H. G. H. Melick, T. Peijs, Appl. Compos. Mater. 2000, 7, 5.
- 27 A. Valadez-Gonzaleza, J. M. Cervantes-Uc, R. Olayo, P. J. Herrera-Franco, Composites Part B: Eng. 1999, 30, 3.
- 28 M. Rokbi, H. Osmani, A. Imad, N. Benseddiq, Proc. Eng. 2011, 10.
- 29 J. W. McAuley, Environ. Sci. Technol. 2003, 37, 23.
- 30 A. M. Foisal, M. A. Ali, S. K. Byung, I. S. Jong, J. Korean Soc. Compos. Mater. 2009, 22, 4.
- 31www.gov.mb.ca/agriculture/crops/, 1999.
- 32http://www.tifac.org.in/news/jute.htm.
- 33 A. K. Mohanty, M. Misra, G. Hinrichsen, Macromol. Mater. Eng. 2000, 276–277, 1.
- 34 W. S. Beckwith, J. SAMPE, 2008, 44, 3.
- 35 A. K. Mohanty, M. Misra, G. Hinrichsen, Macromol. Mater. Eng. 2001, 276.
- 36 R. M. Rowell, A. R. Sanadi, D. F. Caulfield, R. E. Jacobsen, in: Utilization of Natural Fibers in Plastic Composite: Problems and Opportunities. Lignocellulosic-Plastic Composites, (Eds: A. L. Leao, F. X. Carvalho, E. Frollini), USP and UNESP, Brazil 1997.
- 37 K. Rakesh, O. Sangeeta, S. Aparna, Pelagia Res. Libr. 2011, 2, 4.
- 38 N. P. G. Suardana, P. Yingjun, J. L. Kyoo, Mater. Phys. Mech. 2011, 11.
- 39 M. S. Huda, T. D. Lawrence, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2005, 44.
- 40 M. S. Huda, L. T. Drzal, A. K. Mohanty, M. Misra, Compos. Sci. Technol. 2006, 66.
- 41 N. Birgitha, MS Thesis, Luleå University of Technology, Sweden 2007.
- 42 L. Xue, G. L. Tabil, S. Panigrahi, J. Polym. Environ. 2007, 15.
- 43 K. O. Reddy, K. R. N. Reddy, J. Zhang, J. Zhang, A. V. Rajulu, J. Nat. Fibers 2013, 10, 3.
- 44 S. Kalia, B. S. Kaith, I. Kaur, Polym. Eng. Sci. 2009, 49, 7.
- 45 M. J. John, R. D. Anandjiwala, Polym. Compos. 2008, 29, 2.
- 46 T. Kreže, S. Iskrač, M. S. Smole, S. K. Karin, S. Strnad, D. Fakin, J. Nat. Fibers 2008, 2, 3.
- 47 A. K. Bledzki, J. Gasssan, Prog. Polym. Sci. 1999, 24, 2.
- 48 P. A. Fowler, J. M. Hughes, R. M. Elias, J. Sci. Food Agric. 2006, 86.
- 49 R. Malkapuram, V. Kumar, Y. S. Negi, J. Reinforced Plast. Compos. 2009, 28, 10.
- 50 K. G. Satyanarayana, G. G. C. Arizaga, F. Wypych, Prog. Polym. Sci. 2009, 34.
- 51 M. C. Symington, W. M. Banks, O. D. West, R. A. Pethrick, J. Compos. Mater. 2009, 43, 9.
- 52 T. P. Sathishkumar, P. Navaneethakrishnan, S. Shankar, R. Rajasekar, N. Rajini, J. Reinforced Plast. Compos. 2013, 32, 19.
- 53 A. K. B. Ledzki, S. Reihmane, J. Gassan, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 1996, 59.
- 54 M. Feughelman, Mechanical Properties and Structure of Alpha-Keratin Fibres: Wool, Human Hair and Related Fibres, University of New South Wales Press, Sydney 1997.
- 55 J. Holberry, D. Houston, J. Mater. 2006, 58, 11.
- 56 T. Nishimura, Presented at SusCompNet 7 Meeting, University of Bath, UK, October 11, 2004.
- 57 X. Peng, M. Fan, J. Hartley, M. Al-Zubaidy, J. Compos. Mater. 2012, 46, 2.
- 58
K. Oksman,
J. Reinforced Plast. Compos.
2001,
20, 7.
10.1177/073168401772678634 Google Scholar
- 59 M. A. Fuqua, S. Huo, C. A. Ulven, Polym. Rev. 2012, 52, 3.
- 60 P. J. Herrera-Franco, A. Valadez-González, Composites Part B: Eng. 2005, 36.
- 61 A. E. Correia, S. M. Torres, M. E. O. Alexandre, K. C. Gomes, N. P. Barbosa, S. D. E. Barros, Mater. Sci. Forum 2013, 758.
- 62 M. E. H. Bourahli, H. Osmani, J. Nat. Fibers 2013, 10, 3.
- 63 H. D. Mueller, A. Krobjilowski, J. Ind. Text. 2003, 33, 2.
- 64 N. Chand, R. Joshi, J. Nat. Fibers 2010, 7, 2.
- 65 K. Ramanaiah, A. V. R. Prasad, K. H. C. Reddy, Int. J. Polym. Anal. Charact. 2011, 16, 7.
- 66 W. Kim, A. Argento, E. Lee, C. Flanigan, D. Houston, A. Harris, D. F. Mielewski, J. Compos. Mater. 2011, 46, 9.
- 67 S. W. Beckwith, Compos. Fabrication 2003, 12.
- 68 A. K. Ray, S. Mondal, S. K. Das, P. Ramachandrarao, J. Mater. Sci. 2005, 40, 19.
- 69 D. B. Dittenber, H. V. S. G. Rao, Composites Part A: Appl. Sci. Manuf. 2012, 43, 8.
- 70 S. E. Natalia, G. K. Kirill, L. S. Jan, Mater. Des. 2002, 23.
- 71 M. Zampaloni, F. Pourboghrat, S. A. Yankovich, B. N. Rodgers, J. Moore, L. T. Drzal, A. K. Mohanty, M. Misra, Composites Part A: Appl. Sci. Manuf. 2007, 38, 6.
- 72 N. J. Lee, J. Jang, Composites Part A: Appl. Sci. Manuf. 1999, 30, 6.
- 73www.MatWeb.com.
- 74www.io.tudelft.nl/research/dfs/idemat/.
- 75 S. V. Joshia, L. T. Drzal, A. K. Mohanty, S. Arora, Composites Part A: Appl. Sci. Manuf. 2004, 35, 3.
- 76 M. K. Ryszard, M. T. Maria, M. Malgorzata, B. B. Jorge, Mol. Cryst. Liquid Cryst. 2012, 556, 1.
- 77 V. K. Thakur, A. S. Singha, Polym. -Plast. Technol. Eng. 2010, 49, 7.
- 78 B. Singh, M. Gupta, in Natural Fibers. Biopolymers, and Biocomposites, Eds., A. K. Mohanty, M. Misra, L. T. Drzal), Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton 2005.
- 79 H. N. Dhakal, Z. Y. Zhang, M. O. W. Richardson, Compos. Sci. Technol. 2007, 67, 7.
- 80 B. Singh, M. Gupta, A. Verma, Compos. Sci. Technol. 2000, 60.
- 81 J. Giridhar, K. Rao, J. Reinforced Plast. Compos. 1986, 5.
- 82 A. K. Mohanty, M. Misra, L. T. Drzal, Compos. Interfaces 2001, 8, 5.
- 83 P. Wongsriraksa, K. Togashi, A. Nakai, H. Hamada, Adv. Mech. Eng. 2013, 2013.
- 84 R. Kumar, S. Obrai, A. Sharma, Pelagia Res. Libr., Der Chem. Sin. 2011, 2, 4.
- 85 D. S. Kumar, R. Punyamurthy, B. Bennehalli, S. C. Venkateshappa, Int. J. Agric. Sci. 2012, 4, 4.
- 86 A. K. Bledzki, A. A. Mamun, M. Lucka-Gabor, V. S. Gutowski, Polym. Lett. 2008, 2, 6.
- 87 L. B. Manfredi, E. S. Rodríguez, M. Wladyka-Przybylak, A. Vázquez, Polym. Degrad. Stabil. 2006, 91.
- 88 S. Chapple, R. Anandjiwala, J. Thermoplast. Compos. Mater. 2010, 23.
- 89 R. Kozłowski, W. P. Maria, Polym. Adv. Technol. 2008, 19.
- 90 L. B. Manfredi, E. Rodríguez, M. Wladyka-Przybylak, A. Vázquez, Compos. Interfaces 2010, 17, 5.
- 91 T. D. Ngo, M. T. Ton-That, W. Hu, J. SAMPE 2013, 49, 3.
- 92 A. R. Horrocks, J. Soc. Dyers Colour. 1983, 99, 7.
- 93 T. Wittek, T. Tanimoto, Polym. Lett. 2008, 2, 11.
- 94 S. Bhattacharjee, H. S. Muhammad, A. I. Muhammed, M. M. Ahtashom, Asaduzzaman, Y. M. Muhammed, Int. J. Mater. Sci. Appl. 2013, 2, 5.
- 95 B. N. Dash, A. K. Rana, H. K. Mishra, S. K. Nayak, S. S. Tripathy, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2000, 78, 9.
- 96 S. Joseph, Z. Oommen, S. Thomas, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2006, 100, 3.
- 97 G. Mehta, A. K. Mohanty, L. T. Drzal, D. P. Kamdem, M. Misra, J. Polym. Environ. 2006, 14.
- 98 L. Yan, N. Chouw, K. Jayaraman, Composites Part B: Eng. 2014, 56.
- 99 G. C. Davies, D. M. Bruce, J. Text. Res. 1998, 68, 9.
- 100 P. K. Bajpai, D. Meena, S. Vatsa, I. Singh, J. Nat. Fibers 2013, 10, 3.
- 101 M. Aslan, G. C. Carrasco, B. F. Sørensen, B. Madsen, J. Mater. Sci. 2011, 46.
- 102 J. L. Thomason, J. Carruthers, J. Kelly, G. Johnson, Compos. Sci. Technol. 2011, 71.
- 103 J. Holberry, D. Houston, J. Mater. 2006, 58.
- 104 H. Kim, B. Swiecki, J. Cregger, The Bio-Based Materials Automotive Value Chain, Center for Automotive Research, 2012.
- 105 H. Vaidyanathan, P. Murty, S. Eswara, SAE Technical Paper, 2011.
- 106 K. Wötzel, R. Wirth, M. Flake, Die Angew. Makromol. Chem. 1999, 272.
- 107 W. Schmidt, H. Beyer, SAE Technical Paper, 1998.
- 108 A. D. L. Rosa, G. Cozzo, A. Latteri, G. Mancini, A. Recca, G. Cicala, Chem. Eng. Trans. 2013, 32.
- 109 M. Schmehl, J. Mussig, U. Schönfeld, H. B. V. Buttlar, J. Polym. Environ. 2008, 16.
- 110 C. Santulli, M. Janssen, G. Jeronimidis, J. Mater. Sci. 2005, 40.
- 111 K. Hill, The Bio-Based Materials Automotive Value Chain, Center for Automotive Research, 2012.
- 112www.daimler.com.
- 113www.mercedes-benz.com.
- 114 G. Cicala, G. Cristaldi, G. Recca, A. Latteri, Woven Fabric Engineering, Sciyo, Croatia 2004.
- 115 raw. Renewable, in. materials, production. automotive, from. Information, B. M. W. the, Group, 2005.
- 116www.lotuscars.com.
- 117www.toyota.co.jp.
- 118www.mitsubishi-motors.com.
- 119
A. K. Mohanty,
M. Misra,
L. T. Drzal,
Natural Fibers, Biopolymers, and Biocomposites,
CRC Press Taylor & Francis,
Florida
2005.
10.1201/9780203508206 Google Scholar
- 120
M. F. Ashby,
Materials Selection in Mechanical Design
Elsevier,
Burlington, MA, USA
2011.
10.1016/B978-1-85617-663-7.00011-4 Google Scholar