Electrostatic Discharges of Droplets of Various Liquids during Splash Filling

When filling a tank with liquid via a tube, the tube may either reach nearly to the bottom of the tank or end at a certain distance above the bottom, allowing the liquid to splash into the tank from a certain height. Up to now, the electrostatics experts do not know exactly whether splash filling may create an electrostatic hazard or not. For this reason, the research project Splash Filling was started. The first part of this project has already been published in this journal. This work is the second part of this project and answers the question whether electrostatic discharges do occur during splash filling of several liters and which safety precautions may be necessary.