Volume 21, Issue 6 e202400433
Research Article

Phytochemical Profile, Antioxidant, Enzyme Inhibition, Acute Toxicity, In Silico Molecular Docking and Dynamic Analysis of Apis Mellifera Propolis as Antidiabetic Supplement

Putri Hawa Syaifie

Corresponding Author

Putri Hawa Syaifie

Center of Excellece Life Sciences, Nano Center Indonesia, Jl. PUSPIPTEK, South Tangerang, 15314 Banten, Indonesia

Contribution: Conceptualization (lead), Data curation (equal), Formal analysis (equal), Methodology (equal), Project administration (lead), Visualization (equal), Writing - original draft (equal), Writing - review & editing (equal)

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Delfritama Ibadillah

Delfritama Ibadillah

Center of Excellece Life Sciences, Nano Center Indonesia, Jl. PUSPIPTEK, South Tangerang, 15314 Banten, Indonesia

Contribution: Data curation (equal), Formal analysis (equal), Visualization (equal), Writing - original draft (equal)

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Muhammad Miftah Jauhar

Muhammad Miftah Jauhar

Center of Excellece Life Sciences, Nano Center Indonesia, Jl. PUSPIPTEK, South Tangerang, 15314 Banten, Indonesia

Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sleman, 55281 Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Contribution: Data curation (equal), Formal analysis (equal), Visualization (equal), Writing - original draft (equal)

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Rikania Reninta

Rikania Reninta

Research Center for Applied Botany, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong, 16911 Indonesia

Contribution: Formal analysis (equal), Validation (equal), Visualization (supporting), Writing - original draft (equal)

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Sri Ningsih

Sri Ningsih

Research Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredients and Traditional Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong, 16911 Indonesia

Contribution: Data curation (equal), Formal analysis (equal), Methodology (equal)

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Donny Ramadhan

Donny Ramadhan

Center of Excellece Life Sciences, Nano Center Indonesia, Jl. PUSPIPTEK, South Tangerang, 15314 Banten, Indonesia

Research Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredients and Traditional Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong, 16911 Indonesia

Contribution: Data curation (equal), Formal analysis (equal), Methodology (equal)

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Adzani Gaisani Arda

Adzani Gaisani Arda

Center of Excellece Life Sciences, Nano Center Indonesia, Jl. PUSPIPTEK, South Tangerang, 15314 Banten, Indonesia

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, H-4032 Hungary

Contribution: Data curation (equal), Formal analysis (equal)

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Dhecella Winy Cintya Ningrum

Dhecella Winy Cintya Ningrum

Center of Excellece Life Sciences, Nano Center Indonesia, Jl. PUSPIPTEK, South Tangerang, 15314 Banten, Indonesia

Contribution: Data curation (equal), Formal analysis (equal), Methodology (equal)

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Nofa Mardia Ningsih Kaswati

Nofa Mardia Ningsih Kaswati

Center of Excellece Life Sciences, Nano Center Indonesia, Jl. PUSPIPTEK, South Tangerang, 15314 Banten, Indonesia

Contribution: Data curation (equal), Formal analysis (equal), Methodology (equal)

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Nurul Taufiqu Rochman

Nurul Taufiqu Rochman

Research Center for Advanced Materials, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), South Tangerang, 15314 Indonesia

Contribution: Funding acquisition (lead), Resources (equal)

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Etik Mardliyati

Corresponding Author

Etik Mardliyati

Research Center for Vaccine and Drugs, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong, 16911 Indonesia

Contribution: Funding acquisition (equal), Resources (equal), Supervision (lead), Validation (equal), Visualization (equal), Writing - review & editing (equal)

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First published: 07 April 2024
Citations: 2

Abstract

This study aims to identify the phytochemical profile of Apis mellifera propolis and explore the potential of its anti-diabetic activity through inhibition of α-amylase (α-AE), α-glucosidase(α-GE), as well as novel antidiabetic compounds of propolis. Apis mellifera propolis extract (AMPE) exhibited elevated polyphenol 33.26±0.17 (mg GAE/g) and flavonoid (15.45±0.13 mg RE/g). It also indicated moderate strong antioxidant activity (IC50 793.09±1.94 μg/ml). This study found that AMPE displayed promising α-AE and α-GE inhibition through in vitro study. Based on LC–MS/MS screening, 18 unique AMPE compounds were identified, with majorly belonging to anthraquinone and flavonoid compounds. Furthermore, in silico study determined that 8 compounds of AMPE exhibited strong binding to α-AE that specifically interacted with its catalytic residue of ASP197. Moreover, 2 compounds exhibit potential inhibition of α-GE, by interacting with crucial amino acids of ARG315, ASP352, and ASP69. Finally, we suggested that 2,7-Dihydroxy-1-(p-hydroxybenzyl)-4-methoxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene and 3(3-(3,4-Dihydroxybenzyl)-7-hydroxychroman-4-one as novel inhibitors of α-AE and α-GE. Notably, these compounds were initially discovered from Apis mellifera propolis in this study. The molecular dynamic analysis confirmed their stable binding with both enzymes over 100 ns simulations. The in vivo acute toxicity assay reveals AMPE as a practically non-toxic product with an LD50 value of 16,050 mg/kg. Therefore, this propolis may serve as a promising natural product for diabetes mellitus treatment.

Graphical Abstract

Conflict of interests

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Data Availability Statement

Data is available in the article.

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