Effect of hardener and catalyst contents on curing and degradation of epoxidized soybean oil
Ananda K. C. Albuquerque
Academic Unit of Materials Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande, Brazil
Contribution: Data curation (equal), Formal analysis (equal), Methodology (equal), Writing - original draft (equal)
Search for more papers by this authorDébora E. O. Almeida
Academic Unit of Materials Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande, Brazil
Search for more papers by this authorJosé V. M. Barreto
Materials Engineering Department, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
Contribution: Conceptualization (lead), Funding acquisition (lead), Supervision (lead), Writing - review & editing (lead)
Search for more papers by this authorIngridy D. S. Silva
Academic Unit of Materials Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande, Brazil
Contribution: Supervision (equal), Writing - review & editing (equal)
Search for more papers by this authorNichollas G. Jaques
Academic Unit of Materials Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande, Brazil
Contribution: Formal analysis (equal), Methodology (equal), Writing - original draft (equal)
Search for more papers by this authorNeymara C. Nepomuceno
Academic Unit of Materials Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande, Brazil
Contribution: Formal analysis (equal), Writing - original draft (equal)
Search for more papers by this authorEliton S. Medeiros
Materials Engineering Department, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
Contribution: Conceptualization (equal), Formal analysis (equal), Writing - original draft (equal)
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Renate M. R. Wellen
Academic Unit of Materials Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande, Brazil
Materials Engineering Department, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
Correspondence
Renate M. R. Wellen, Academic Unit of Materials Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58249-140, Brazil.
Email: [email protected]
Contribution: Investigation (equal), Writing - original draft (equal)
Search for more papers by this authorAnanda K. C. Albuquerque
Academic Unit of Materials Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande, Brazil
Contribution: Data curation (equal), Formal analysis (equal), Methodology (equal), Writing - original draft (equal)
Search for more papers by this authorDébora E. O. Almeida
Academic Unit of Materials Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande, Brazil
Search for more papers by this authorJosé V. M. Barreto
Materials Engineering Department, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
Contribution: Conceptualization (lead), Funding acquisition (lead), Supervision (lead), Writing - review & editing (lead)
Search for more papers by this authorIngridy D. S. Silva
Academic Unit of Materials Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande, Brazil
Contribution: Supervision (equal), Writing - review & editing (equal)
Search for more papers by this authorNichollas G. Jaques
Academic Unit of Materials Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande, Brazil
Contribution: Formal analysis (equal), Methodology (equal), Writing - original draft (equal)
Search for more papers by this authorNeymara C. Nepomuceno
Academic Unit of Materials Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande, Brazil
Contribution: Formal analysis (equal), Writing - original draft (equal)
Search for more papers by this authorEliton S. Medeiros
Materials Engineering Department, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
Contribution: Conceptualization (equal), Formal analysis (equal), Writing - original draft (equal)
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Renate M. R. Wellen
Academic Unit of Materials Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande, Brazil
Materials Engineering Department, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
Correspondence
Renate M. R. Wellen, Academic Unit of Materials Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande 58249-140, Brazil.
Email: [email protected]
Contribution: Investigation (equal), Writing - original draft (equal)
Search for more papers by this authorFunding information: Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Grant/Award Number: 307488/2018-7; Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior; Fundação de Apoio à Pesquisa do Estado da Paraíba, Grant/Award Number: 017/2019; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico; Fundação de Apoio à Pesquisa do Estado da Paraíba
Abstract
Epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) compounds were cured with methyl tetrahydrophthalic anhydride (MTHPA) as hardener and 2,4,6-tris (dimethylaminomethyl) phenol (DEH 35) as catalyst. To figure out MTHPA and DEH 35's influence during curing and degradation, ESO/MTHPA/DEH 35 compounds were investigated using Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetry (TG). FTIR spectra of uncured resin showed the secondary interactions among ESO's carbonyl groups with MTHPA and DEH 35's hydroxyls and amines. Curing progress was followed tracking the evolution of reactive groups, that is, epoxy and carbonyl bands and corroborated with released heat of DSC scans. ESO 87:5 and ESO 87:10 compounds cured using higher heating rates presented higher released enthalpy suggesting denser reticulation, and they also displayed lower activation energy for curing, which was evaluated using the Friedman model. Increasing the hardener and catalysts contents promoted higher thermal stability and lower degradation rates, while higher for degradation was verified.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
There is no conflict of interest and all authors have agreed with this submission and they are aware of the content.
Open Research
DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT
The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Supporting Information
| Filename | Description |
|---|---|
| app53343-sup-0001-Figures.docxWord 2007 document , 850.1 KB | Figure S1: FTIR spectra of raw materials used during the curing of ESO/MTHPA/DEH 35 compounds. Figure S2: TGA and DTG plots of raw materials used during the curing of ESO/MTHPA/DEH 35 compounds, collected at 10°C/min. Figure S3: FTIR spectra of compounds cured at the indicated temperatures: (a) ESO 50:10; (b) ESO 70:10; (c) ESO 87:10. Figure S4: DSC scans collected during the first heating: (a) ESO 50:10; (b) ESO 70:10; (c) ESO 87:10. Figure S5: Degree of conversion and curing rate at indicated heating rates. (a) 5°C/min; (b) 10°C/min; (c) 15°C/min. Figure S6: Weight loss plots. (a) ESO 50:10; (b) ESO 70:10; (c) ESO 87:10; (d) ESO 87:5. |
Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
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