Volume 64, Issue 28 e202507312
Research Article

Effective Hole Utilization for Atomically Dispersed Low-Coordination Molybdenum Accelerating Photocatalytic C─H Activation

Wangxi Liu

Wangxi Liu

National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 P.R. China

Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nano Technology, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 P.R. China

Search for more papers by this author
Jingwen Jiang

Jingwen Jiang

Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nano Technology, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 P.R. China

Search for more papers by this author
Dr. Zhonghua Li

Dr. Zhonghua Li

National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 P.R. China

Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nano Technology, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 P.R. China

Search for more papers by this author
Dr. Bin Gao

Corresponding Author

Dr. Bin Gao

National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 P.R. China

Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nano Technology, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 P.R. China

E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]

Search for more papers by this author
Changhao Liu

Changhao Liu

Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nano Technology, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 P.R. China

Search for more papers by this author
Dr. Chen Liu

Dr. Chen Liu

Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 P.R. China

Search for more papers by this author
Prof. Weichang Hao

Prof. Weichang Hao

School of Physics and Centre of Quantum and Matter Sciences, International Research Institute for Multidisciplinary Science, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191 P.R. China

Search for more papers by this author
Rongli Fan

Rongli Fan

Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nano Technology, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 P.R. China

Search for more papers by this author
Jianming Liu

Jianming Liu

Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nano Technology, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 P.R. China

Search for more papers by this author
Prof. Tao Yu

Prof. Tao Yu

National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 P.R. China

Search for more papers by this author
Prof. Zhigang Zou

Prof. Zhigang Zou

National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 P.R. China

Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nano Technology, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 P.R. China

Search for more papers by this author
Prof. Zhaosheng Li

Corresponding Author

Prof. Zhaosheng Li

National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 P.R. China

Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nano Technology, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093 P.R. China

E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]

Search for more papers by this author
First published: 02 May 2025

Graphical Abstract

Atomically dispersed low-coordination Mo on ultrathin ZnIn2S4 nanosheets has been successfully developed for acceptorless dehydrogenation of alcohols. The isolated Mo sites optimize the driving force of photogenerated holes, which greatly accelerates the electron transfer rate of the alkoxy C─H bonds, resulting in the formation of high-concentration alkyl radicals.

Abstract

Photocatalytic acceptorless dehydrogenation of alcohols offers a promising strategy to produce the corresponding carbonyl compounds and clean fuel H2. However, the sluggish kinetics of the alkoxy C─H bond cleavage attributes to the inefficient utilization of photogenerated holes greatly restricts the photocatalytic activity. Here we develmically dispersed low-coordination Mo on ultrathin ZnIn2S4 nanosheets that can greatly accelerate photocatalytic C─H activation. An internal quantum efficiency of 45.2% at 400 nm together with 99% benzaldehyde (BAD) selectivity is achieved using benzyl alcohol (BA) as a model substrate. Extensive experimental characterizations and theoretical calculations reveal that the low-coordination Mo tunes the local atomic configuration of highest occupied molecular orbital to trap holes produced under photoexcitation within picoseconds. Moreover, the incorporated site-specific Mo greatly improves the lifetime and diffusion length of photogenerated holes and optimizes the driving force of alkoxy C─H activation, which are responsible for the excellent performance. This work marks a significant stride to enhance the utilization efficiency of holes for promoting photocatalytic C─H activation.

Conflict of Interests

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Data Availability Statement

The data that support the findings of this study are available in the Supporting Information of this article.

The full text of this article hosted at iucr.org is unavailable due to technical difficulties.