Interdependence of Support Wettability - Electrodeposition Rate- Sodium Metal Anode and SEI Microstructure
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Titelbild: Interdependence of Support Wettability - Electrodeposition Rate- Sodium Metal Anode and SEI Microstructure (Angew. Chem. 8/2025)
- Chang-An Lo,
- Yixian Wang,
- Varun R. Kankanallu,
- Aditya Singla,
- Dean Yen,
- Xiaoyin Zheng,
- Kaustubh G. Naik,
- Bairav S. Vishnugopi,
- Callum Campbell,
- Vikalp Raj,
- Chonghang Zhao,
- Lu Ma,
- Jianming Bai,
- Feipeng Yang,
- Ruipeng Li,
- Mingyuan Ge,
- John Watt,
- Partha P. Mukherjee,
- David Mitlin,
- Yu-chen Karen Chen-Wiegart,
- Volume 137Issue 8Angewandte Chemie
- First Published online: January 16, 2025
Chang-An Lo
Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794 USA
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Contribution: Conceptualization (equal), Data curation (equal), Formal analysis (equal), Investigation (equal), Methodology (equal), Validation (equal), Visualization (equal), Writing - original draft (equal)
Search for more papers by this authorYixian Wang
Materials Science and Engineering Program & Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712 USA
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Contribution: Conceptualization (equal), Data curation (equal), Formal analysis (equal), Methodology (equal), Validation (equal), Visualization (equal), Writing - original draft (equal)
Search for more papers by this authorVarun R. Kankanallu
Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794 USA
Contribution: Formal analysis (supporting), Investigation (supporting), Visualization (supporting)
Search for more papers by this authorAditya Singla
School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907 USA
Contribution: Formal analysis (supporting), Investigation (supporting), Software (equal), Visualization (supporting), Writing - original draft (supporting)
Search for more papers by this authorDean Yen
Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794 USA
Contribution: Formal analysis (supporting), Investigation (supporting), Software (supporting), Visualization (supporting)
Search for more papers by this authorXiaoyin Zheng
Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794 USA
Contribution: Investigation (supporting), Validation (supporting), Visualization (supporting)
Search for more papers by this authorKaustubh G. Naik
School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907 USA
Contribution: Formal analysis (supporting), Software (supporting), Validation (supporting)
Search for more papers by this authorBairav S. Vishnugopi
School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907 USA
Contribution: Software (supporting), Supervision (supporting), Validation (supporting)
Search for more papers by this authorCallum Campbell
Materials Science and Engineering Program & Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712 USA
Contribution: Investigation (supporting), Validation (supporting)
Search for more papers by this authorVikalp Raj
Materials Science and Engineering Program & Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712 USA
Contribution: Investigation (supporting), Validation (supporting)
Search for more papers by this authorChonghang Zhao
Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794 USA
Contribution: Formal analysis (supporting)
Search for more papers by this authorLu Ma
National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973 USA
Contribution: Data curation (supporting), Resources (supporting), Software (supporting)
Search for more papers by this authorJianming Bai
National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973 USA
Contribution: Data curation (supporting), Resources (supporting), Software (supporting)
Search for more papers by this authorFeipeng Yang
National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973 USA
Contribution: Data curation (supporting), Resources (supporting), Software (supporting)
Search for more papers by this authorRuipeng Li
National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973 USA
Contribution: Data curation (supporting), Resources (supporting), Software (supporting)
Search for more papers by this authorMingyuan Ge
National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973 USA
Contribution: Data curation (supporting), Resources (supporting), Software (supporting)
Search for more papers by this authorJohn Watt
Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545 USA
Contribution: Data curation (supporting), Resources (supporting), Supervision (supporting)
Search for more papers by this authorPartha P. Mukherjee
School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907 USA
Contribution: Data curation (supporting), Funding acquisition (equal), Investigation (supporting), Methodology (supporting), Project administration (equal), Resources (supporting), Software (supporting), Supervision (equal), Validation (supporting), Writing - original draft (supporting)
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
David Mitlin
Materials Science and Engineering Program & Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712 USA
Contribution: Conceptualization (supporting), Data curation (supporting), Formal analysis (supporting), Funding acquisition (equal), Investigation (supporting), Methodology (supporting), Project administration (equal), Resources (supporting), Supervision (equal), Validation (supporting), Visualization (supporting), Writing - original draft (equal)
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Yu-chen Karen Chen-Wiegart
Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794 USA
National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973 USA
Contribution: Conceptualization (supporting), Data curation (supporting), Formal analysis (supporting), Funding acquisition (equal), Investigation (supporting), Methodology (equal), Project administration (equal), Resources (supporting), Software (equal), Supervision (equal), Validation (supporting), Visualization (supporting), Writing - original draft (equal)
Search for more papers by this authorChang-An Lo
Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794 USA
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Contribution: Conceptualization (equal), Data curation (equal), Formal analysis (equal), Investigation (equal), Methodology (equal), Validation (equal), Visualization (equal), Writing - original draft (equal)
Search for more papers by this authorYixian Wang
Materials Science and Engineering Program & Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712 USA
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Contribution: Conceptualization (equal), Data curation (equal), Formal analysis (equal), Methodology (equal), Validation (equal), Visualization (equal), Writing - original draft (equal)
Search for more papers by this authorVarun R. Kankanallu
Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794 USA
Contribution: Formal analysis (supporting), Investigation (supporting), Visualization (supporting)
Search for more papers by this authorAditya Singla
School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907 USA
Contribution: Formal analysis (supporting), Investigation (supporting), Software (equal), Visualization (supporting), Writing - original draft (supporting)
Search for more papers by this authorDean Yen
Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794 USA
Contribution: Formal analysis (supporting), Investigation (supporting), Software (supporting), Visualization (supporting)
Search for more papers by this authorXiaoyin Zheng
Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794 USA
Contribution: Investigation (supporting), Validation (supporting), Visualization (supporting)
Search for more papers by this authorKaustubh G. Naik
School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907 USA
Contribution: Formal analysis (supporting), Software (supporting), Validation (supporting)
Search for more papers by this authorBairav S. Vishnugopi
School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907 USA
Contribution: Software (supporting), Supervision (supporting), Validation (supporting)
Search for more papers by this authorCallum Campbell
Materials Science and Engineering Program & Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712 USA
Contribution: Investigation (supporting), Validation (supporting)
Search for more papers by this authorVikalp Raj
Materials Science and Engineering Program & Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712 USA
Contribution: Investigation (supporting), Validation (supporting)
Search for more papers by this authorChonghang Zhao
Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794 USA
Contribution: Formal analysis (supporting)
Search for more papers by this authorLu Ma
National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973 USA
Contribution: Data curation (supporting), Resources (supporting), Software (supporting)
Search for more papers by this authorJianming Bai
National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973 USA
Contribution: Data curation (supporting), Resources (supporting), Software (supporting)
Search for more papers by this authorFeipeng Yang
National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973 USA
Contribution: Data curation (supporting), Resources (supporting), Software (supporting)
Search for more papers by this authorRuipeng Li
National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973 USA
Contribution: Data curation (supporting), Resources (supporting), Software (supporting)
Search for more papers by this authorMingyuan Ge
National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973 USA
Contribution: Data curation (supporting), Resources (supporting), Software (supporting)
Search for more papers by this authorJohn Watt
Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545 USA
Contribution: Data curation (supporting), Resources (supporting), Supervision (supporting)
Search for more papers by this authorPartha P. Mukherjee
School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907 USA
Contribution: Data curation (supporting), Funding acquisition (equal), Investigation (supporting), Methodology (supporting), Project administration (equal), Resources (supporting), Software (supporting), Supervision (equal), Validation (supporting), Writing - original draft (supporting)
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
David Mitlin
Materials Science and Engineering Program & Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712 USA
Contribution: Conceptualization (supporting), Data curation (supporting), Formal analysis (supporting), Funding acquisition (equal), Investigation (supporting), Methodology (supporting), Project administration (equal), Resources (supporting), Supervision (equal), Validation (supporting), Visualization (supporting), Writing - original draft (equal)
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Yu-chen Karen Chen-Wiegart
Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794 USA
National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973 USA
Contribution: Conceptualization (supporting), Data curation (supporting), Formal analysis (supporting), Funding acquisition (equal), Investigation (supporting), Methodology (equal), Project administration (equal), Resources (supporting), Software (equal), Supervision (equal), Validation (supporting), Visualization (supporting), Writing - original draft (equal)
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
This study examines how current collector support chemistry (sodiophilic intermetallic Na2Te vs. sodiophobic baseline Cu) and electrodeposition rate affect microstructure of sodium metal and its solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). Capacity and current (6 mAh cm−2, 0.5–3 mA cm−2) representative of commercially relevant mass loading in anode-free sodium metal battery (AF-SMBs) are analyzed. Synchrotron X-ray nanotomography and grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) are combined with cryogenic ion beam (cryo-FIB) microscopy. Highlighted are major differences in film morphology, internal porosity, and crystallographic preferred orientation e.g. (110) vs. (100) and (211) with support and deposition rate. Within the SEI, sodium fluoride (NaF) is more prevalent with Te−Cu versus sodium hydride (NaH) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) with baseline Cu. Due to competitive grain growth the preferred orientation of sodium crystallites depends on film thickness. Mesoscale modeling delineates the role of SEI (ionic conductivity, morphology) on electrodeposit growth and onset of electrochemical instability.
Conflict of Interests
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Open Research
Data Availability Statement
The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Supporting Information
As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors.
| Filename | Description |
|---|---|
| ange202412550-sup-0001-misc_information.pdf3.4 MB | Supporting Information |
| ange202412550-sup-0001-Movie_S1_-_0.5mA_Cu.avi13.9 MB | Supporting Information |
| ange202412550-sup-0001-Movie_S2_-_1mA_Cu.avi10.3 MB | Supporting Information |
| ange202412550-sup-0001-Movie_S3_-_3mA_Cu.avi6.6 MB | Supporting Information |
| ange202412550-sup-0001-Movie_S4_-_0.5mA_TeCu.avi8.4 MB | Supporting Information |
| ange202412550-sup-0001-Movie_S5_-_1mA_TeCu.avi6.6 MB | Supporting Information |
| ange202412550-sup-0001-Movie_S6_-_3mA_TeCu.avi6 MB | Supporting Information |
Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
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