Aufsatz
Schwarzer Phosphor neu entdeckt: vom Volumenmaterial zu Monoschichten
Dr. Rui Gusmão,
Prof. Dr. Zdenek Sofer,
Prof. Dr. Martin Pumera,
Dr. Rui Gusmão
Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapur, 637371 Singapur
Search for more papers by this authorProf. Dr. Zdenek Sofer
Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prag, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prag 6, Tschechische Republik
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Prof. Dr. Martin Pumera
Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapur, 637371 Singapur
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Rui Gusmão,
Prof. Dr. Zdenek Sofer,
Prof. Dr. Martin Pumera,
Dr. Rui Gusmão
Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapur, 637371 Singapur
Search for more papers by this authorProf. Dr. Zdenek Sofer
Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prag, Technicka 5, 166 28 Prag 6, Tschechische Republik
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Prof. Dr. Martin Pumera
Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapur, 637371 Singapur
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
Phosphor ist ein Nichtmetall mit mehreren Allotropen – vom hochreaktiven weißen Phosphor bis zum thermodynamisch stabilen schwarzen Phosphor (SP) mit gewellter orthorhombischer Schichtstruktur. Die Volumenform von SP wurde erstmals 1914 synthetisiert, wurde aber wenig beachtet, bis sie 2014 als Teil einer neuen Welle schichtartiger 2D-Nanomaterialien wiederentdeckt wurde. SP kann zu einer Einzelschicht exfoliert werden, die eine halbleitende Struktur mit einstellbarer direkter Bandlücke, hoher Trägermobilität bei Raumtemperatur und Anisotropie innerhalb der Ebene aufweist. Allerdings ist oberflächenchemische Zersetzung ein Problem für die Entwicklung von SP-Anwendungen, weshalb an der Passivierung von SP gearbeitet wird, z. B. über Integration in Van-der-Waals-Heterostrukturen. Aktuell wird der Einsatz von SP als Nanomaterial in Batterien, Transistoren, Sensoren und in der Photonik geprüft. Der Aufsatz beginnt bei den Ursprüngen von SP und verfolgt dessen Weg von einem Volumenmaterial zu modernen Mehrfach-/Monoschichten. Physikalische und chemische Eigenschaften werden zusammengefasst, und der Forschungsstand über Anwendungen von SP wird beleuchtet.
Conflict of interest
Die Autoren erklären, dass keine Interessenskonflikte vorliegen.
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