Label-Free Analysis of Single Viruses with a Resolution Comparable to That of Electron Microscopy and the Throughput of Flow Cytometry
Ling Ma
Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Material, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005 P.R. China
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Shaobin Zhu
Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Material, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005 P.R. China
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Search for more papers by this authorYe Tian
Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Material, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005 P.R. China
Search for more papers by this authorWenqiang Zhang
Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Material, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005 P.R. China
Search for more papers by this authorShuo Wang
Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Material, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005 P.R. China
Search for more papers by this authorChaoxiang Chen
Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Material, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005 P.R. China
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Lina Wu
Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Material, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005 P.R. China
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Prof. Dr. Xiaomei Yan
Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Material, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005 P.R. China
Search for more papers by this authorLing Ma
Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Material, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005 P.R. China
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Shaobin Zhu
Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Material, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005 P.R. China
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Search for more papers by this authorYe Tian
Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Material, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005 P.R. China
Search for more papers by this authorWenqiang Zhang
Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Material, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005 P.R. China
Search for more papers by this authorShuo Wang
Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Material, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005 P.R. China
Search for more papers by this authorChaoxiang Chen
Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Material, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005 P.R. China
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Lina Wu
Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Material, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005 P.R. China
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Prof. Dr. Xiaomei Yan
Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Material, The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005 P.R. China
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
Viruses are by far the most abundant biological entities on our planet, yet existing characterization methods are limited by either their speed or lack of resolution. By applying a laboratory-built high-sensitivity flow cytometer (HSFCM) to precisely quantify the extremely weak elastically scattered light from single viral particles, we herein report the label-free analysis of viruses with a resolution comparable to that of electron microscopy and the throughput of flow cytometry. The detection of single viruses with diameters down to 27 nm is described. T7 and lambda bacteriophages, which differ in size by as little as 4 nm, could be baseline-resolved. Moreover, subtle structural differences of the same viral particles can be discriminated. Using monodisperse silica nanoparticles as the size reference standards, the virus sizes measured by the HSFCM are in agreement with the equivalent particle diameters derived from their structural dimensions. The HSFCM opens a new avenue for virus characterization.
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