Large Hexagonal Bi- and Trilayer Graphene Single Crystals with Varied Interlayer Rotations†
Zheng Yan
Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005 (USA)
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Search for more papers by this authorYuanyue Liu
Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science
The Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005 (USA)
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Search for more papers by this authorLong Ju
Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 (USA)
Search for more papers by this authorZhiwei Peng
Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005 (USA)
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Jian Lin
Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science
The Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005 (USA)
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Gunuk Wang
Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005 (USA)
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Haiqing Zhou
Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005 (USA)
Search for more papers by this authorChangsheng Xiang
Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005 (USA)
Search for more papers by this authorE. L. G. Samuel
Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005 (USA)
Search for more papers by this authorCarter Kittrell
Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005 (USA)
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Vasilii I. Artyukhov
Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science
The Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005 (USA)
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Prof. Feng Wang
Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 (USA)
Feng Wang, Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 (USA)
Boris I. Yakobson, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science
James M. Tour, Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005 (USA)
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Prof. Boris I. Yakobson
Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science
The Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005 (USA)
Feng Wang, Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 (USA)
Boris I. Yakobson, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science
James M. Tour, Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005 (USA)
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Prof. James M. Tour
Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005 (USA)
Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science
The Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005 (USA)
Feng Wang, Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 (USA)
Boris I. Yakobson, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science
James M. Tour, Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005 (USA)
Search for more papers by this authorZheng Yan
Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005 (USA)
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Search for more papers by this authorYuanyue Liu
Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science
The Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005 (USA)
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Search for more papers by this authorLong Ju
Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 (USA)
Search for more papers by this authorZhiwei Peng
Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005 (USA)
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Jian Lin
Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science
The Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005 (USA)
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Gunuk Wang
Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005 (USA)
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Haiqing Zhou
Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005 (USA)
Search for more papers by this authorChangsheng Xiang
Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005 (USA)
Search for more papers by this authorE. L. G. Samuel
Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005 (USA)
Search for more papers by this authorCarter Kittrell
Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005 (USA)
Search for more papers by this authorDr. Vasilii I. Artyukhov
Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science
The Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005 (USA)
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Prof. Feng Wang
Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 (USA)
Feng Wang, Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 (USA)
Boris I. Yakobson, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science
James M. Tour, Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005 (USA)
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Prof. Boris I. Yakobson
Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science
The Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005 (USA)
Feng Wang, Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 (USA)
Boris I. Yakobson, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science
James M. Tour, Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005 (USA)
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Prof. James M. Tour
Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005 (USA)
Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science
The Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005 (USA)
Feng Wang, Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 (USA)
Boris I. Yakobson, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science
James M. Tour, Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005 (USA)
Search for more papers by this authorThe ONR MURI program (grant numbers 00006766 and N00014-09-1-1066) and AFOSR MURI (grant number FA9550-12-1-0035) provided funding. We acknowledge M. Martin and H. Bechtel at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory for help on the FTIR measurement.
Abstract
Bi- and trilayer graphene have attracted intensive interest due to their rich electronic and optical properties, which are dependent on interlayer rotations. However, the synthesis of high-quality large-size bi- and trilayer graphene single crystals still remains a challenge. Here, the synthesis of 100 μm pyramid-like hexagonal bi- and trilayer graphene single-crystal domains on Cu foils using chemical vapor deposition is reported. The as-produced graphene domains show almost exclusively either 0° or 30° interlayer rotations. Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy were used to demonstrate that bilayer graphene domains with 0° interlayer stacking angles were Bernal stacked. Based on first-principle calculations, it is proposed that rotations originate from the graphene nucleation at the Cu step, which explains the origin of the interlayer rotations and agrees well with the experimental observations.
Supporting Information
As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors.
| Filename | Description |
|---|---|
| ange_201306317_sm_miscellaneous_information.pdf2.2 MB | miscellaneous_information |
Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
References
- 1
- 1aF. Wang, Y. Zhang, C. Tian, C. Girit, A. Zettl, M. Crommie, Y. R. Shen, Science 2008, 320, 206–209;
- 1bA. K. Geim, K. S. Novoselov, Nat. Mater. 2007, 6, 183–191;
- 1cY. Zhang, T. T. Tang, C. Girit, Z. Hao, M. C. Martin, A. Zettl, M. F. Crommie, Y. R. Shen, F. Wang, Nature 2009, 459, 820–823.
- 2
- 2aA. Reina, X. Jia, J. Ho, D. Nezich, H. Son, V. Bulovic, M. S. Dresselhaus, J. Kong, Nano Lett. 2009, 9, 30–35;
- 2bK. S. Kim, Y. Zhao, H. Jang, S. Y. Lee, J. M. Kim, K. S. Kim, J. H. Ahn, P. Kim, J. Y. Choi, B. H. Hong, Nature 2009, 457, 706–710;
- 2cX. S. Li, W. W. Cai, J. An, S. Kim, J. Nah, D. Yang, R. Piner, A. Velamakanni, I. Jung, E. Tutuc, S. K. Banerjee, L. Colombo, R. S. Ruoff, Science 2009, 324, 1312–1314.
- 3
- 3aP. Y. Huang, C. S. Ruiz-Vargas, A. M. van der Zande, W. S. Whitney, M. P. Levendorf, J. W. Kevek, S. Garg, J. S. Alden, C. J. Hustedt, Y. Zhu, J. Park, P. L. McEuen, D. A. Muller, Nature 2011, 469, 389–392;
- 3bQ. K. Yu, L. A. Jauregui, W. Wu, R. Colby, J. Tian, Z. Su, H. Cao, Z. Liu, D. Pandey, D, Wei, T. F. Chung, P. Peng, N. P. Guisinger, E. A. Stach, J. Bao, S. S. Pei, Y. P. Chen, Nat. Mater. 2011, 10, 443–449.
- 4
- 4aZ. Yan, J. Lin, Z. Peng, Z. Sun, Y, Zhu, L. Li, C. Xiang, E. L. Samuel, C. Kittrell, J. M. Tour, ACS Nano 2012, 6, 9110–9117;
- 4bL.Gao, W. Ren, H. Xu, L. Jin, Z. Wang, T. Ma, L. P. Ma, Z. Zhang, Q. Fu, L. M. Peng, X. Bao, H. M. Cheng, Nat. Commun. 2013, DOI: ;
- 4cX. S. Li, C. W. Magnuson, A. Venugopal, R. M. Tromp, J. B. Hannon, E. M. Vogel, L. Colombo, R. S. Ruoff, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 2816–2819.
- 5
- 5aX. Zou, J. Shang, J. Leaw, Z. Luo, L. Luo, C. Laovorakiat, L. Cheng, S. A. Cheong, H. Su, J. X. Zhu, Y. Liu, K. P. Loh, A. H. C. Neto, T. Yu, E. E. M. Chia, Phys. Rev. Lett. 2013, 110, 067401;
- 5bY. Kim, H. Yun, S. G. Nam, M. Son, D. S. Lee, D. C. Kim, S. Seo, H. C. Choi, H. J. Lee, S. W. Lee, J. S. Kim, Phys. Rev. Lett. 2013, 110, 096602;
- 5cY. Wang, Z. Ni, L. Liu, Y. Liu, C. Cong, T. Yu, X. Wang, D. Shen, Z. Shen, ACS Nano 2010, 4, 4074–4080;
- 5dL. Zhang, Y. Zhang, J. Camacho, M. Khodas, I. Zaliznyak, Nat. Phys. 2011, 7, 953–957.
- 6M. S. Dresselhaus, G. Dresselhaus, K. Sugihara, I. L. Spain, H. A. Goldberg, Graphite Fibers and Filaments, Springer, Berlin, 1988.
10.1007/978-3-642-83379-3 Google Scholar
- 7Y. Shibuta, J. A. Elliott, Chem. Phys. Lett. 2011, 512, 146–150.
- 8W. Fang, A. L. Hsu, R. Caudillo, Y. Song, A. G. Birdwell, E. Zakar, M. Kalbac, M. Dubey, T. Palacios, M. S. Dresselhaus, P. T. Araujo, J. Kong, Nano Lett. 2013, 13, 1541–1548.
- 9
- 9aK. I. Bolotin, K. J. Sikes, Z. Jiang, M. Klima, G. Fudenberg, J. Hone, P. Kim, H. L. Stormer, Solid State Commun. 2008, 146, 351–355;
- 9bA. A. Balandin, S. Ghosh, W. Bao, I. Calizo, D. Teweldebrhan, F. Miao, C. N. Lau, Nano Lett. 2013, 13, 902–907.
- 10L. M. Malard, M. A. Pimenta, G. Dresselhaus, M. S. Dresselhaus, Phys. Rep. 2009, 473, 51–87.
- 11Y. Hernandez, V. Nicolosi, M. Lotya, F. M. Blighe, Z. Sun, S. De, I. T. McGovern, B. Holland, M. Byrne, Y. K. Gun’Ko, J. J. Boland, P. Niraj, G. Duesberg, S. Krishnamurthy, R. Goodhue, J. Hutchison, V. Scardaci, A. C. Ferrari, J. N. Coleman, Nat. Nanotechnol. 2008, 3, 563–568.
- 12K. Kim, S. Coh, L. Z. Tan, W. Regan, J. M. Yuk, E. Chatterjee, M. F. Crommie, M. L. Cohen, S. T. Louie, A. Zettl, Phys. Rev. Lett. 2012, 108, 246103.
- 13J. C. Meyer, A. K. Geim, M. I. Katsnelson, K. S. Novoselov, T. J. Booth, S. Roth, Nature 2006, 439-444, 60–63.
- 14
- 14aK. Yan, H. Peng, Y. Zhou, H. Li, Z. Liu, Nano Lett. 2011, 11, 1106–1110;
- 14bS. Lee, K. Lee, Z. Zhong, Nano Lett. 2010, 10, 4702–4707.
- 15
- 15aW. Bollmann, Crystal Defects and Crystalline Interfaces, Springer, Berlin, 1970;
10.1007/978-3-642-49173-3 Google Scholar
- 15bD. H. Warrington, J. Phys. (Paris), Colloq. 1975, 36, C 4-87–C4-95.
10.1051/jphyscol:1975410 Google Scholar
- 16X. Zhang, Z. Xu, L. Hui, J. Xin, F. Ding, J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2012, 3, 2822–2827.
- 17
- 17aJ. Gao, J. Yip, J. Zhao, B. I. Yakobson, F. Ding, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 5009–5015;
- 17bV. I. Artyukhov, Y. Liu, B. I. Yakobson, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2012, 109, 15136–15140.
- 18
- 18aL. Gao, J. R. Guest, N. P. Guisinger, Nano Lett. 2010, 10, 3512–3516;
- 18bG. H. Han, F. Günes, J. J. Bae, E. S. Kim, S. J. Chae, H.-J. Shin, J.-Y. Choi, D. Pribat, Y. H. Lee, Nano Lett. 2011, 11, 4144–4148.
- 19S. Saadi, F. Abild-Pedersen, S. Helveg, J. Sehested, B. Hinnemann, C. C. Appel, J. K. Nørskov, J. Phys. Chem. C 2010, 114, 11221–11227.
- 20Y. Liu, A. Dobrinsky, B. I. Yakobson, Phys. Rev. Lett. 2010, 105, 235502.
Citing Literature
This is the
German version
of Angewandte Chemie.
Note for articles published since 1962:
Do not cite this version alone.
Take me to the International Edition version with citable page numbers, DOI, and citation export.
We apologize for the inconvenience.
