Lipids and Diabetes
Surendiran Gangadaran
Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
Search for more papers by this authorMohammed H. Moghadasian
University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
Search for more papers by this authorSurendiran Gangadaran
Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
Search for more papers by this authorMohammed H. Moghadasian
University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
Diabetes is now a major health issue worldwide, affecting millions of people. Diabetes negatively impacts the quality of life and productivity of subjects in both direct and indirect ways. A range of abnormalities are associated with diabetes. One of such abnormalities is alterations in lipid metabolism, resulting in the production of atherogenic lipoprotein profile. Subjects with long-term diabetes usually develop a state of dyslipidemia known as “diabetic dyslipidemia.” These subjects usually have higher serum triacylglycerol levels with increased levels of small dense low-density lipoprotein as well as lower levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Many strategies have been suggested for the management of diabetes and associated dyslipidemia. Among them, changes in dietary habits and lifestyle modification are included in the first line of management strategies. Many such patients may require lipid-lowering drugs. In this regard, several countries have developed guidelines for the management of “diabetic dyslipidemia.” In this article features of “diabetic dyslipidemia” as well as its management strategies have been summarized.
References
- 1 World Health Organization (WHO) (2018). Diabetes. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/diabetes (accessed 25 March 2019).
- 2 World Health Organization (WHO) (2016). Global Report on Diabetes. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/204871/9789241565257_eng.pdf;jsessionid=C141A8B39913A42CFFEEACF022805B4D?sequence=1 (accessed 25 March 2019).
- 3 Public Health Agency of Canada (2011). Diabetes in Canada: Facts and Figure from a Public Health Perspective. https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/chronic-diseases/reports-publications/diabetes/diabetes-canada-facts-figures-a-public-health-perspective.html (accessed 25 March 2019).
- 4Suryawanshi, N.P., Bhutey, A.K., Nagdeote, A.N. et al. (2006). Indian J. Clin. Biochem. 21 (1): 126–130. doi: 10.1007%2FBF02913080.
- 5Goldberg, I.J. (2001). J. Clin. Endocrin. Metabol. 86 (3): 965–971. doi: 10.1210/jcem.86.3.7304.
- 6Punthakee, Z., Goldenberg, R., and Katz, P. (2018). Can. J. Diabetes 42: S10–S15. doi: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2017.10.003.
- 7Mancini, G.B.J., Hegele, R.A., and Leiter, L.A. (2018). Can. J. Diabetes 42: S178–S185. doi: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2013.01.032.
- 8Valensi, P. and Picard, S. (2011). Diabetes Metab. 37 (1): 15–24. doi: 10.1016/j.diabet.2010.10.001.
- 9Stratton, I.M., Adler, A.I., Neil, H.A.W. et al. (2000). BJM 321: 405–412. doi: 10.1136/bmj.321.7258.405.
- 10Kirkman, M.S., Briscoe, V.J., Clark, N. et al. (2012). Diabetes Care 35: 2650–2664. doi: 10.2337/dc12-1801.
- 11Chaudhury, A., Duvoor, C., Dendi, V.S.R. et al. (2017). Front. Endocrinol. 8: 1–12. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00006.
- 12Krauss, R.M. (2004). Diabetes Care 27: 1496–1504. doi: 10.2337/diacare.27.6.1496.
- 13Balogun, K.A. (2015). Ph.D. thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland, NL, Canada.
- 14 H. Fakhrazadeh, O. Tabatabaei-Malazy, and I.R. Kelihshadi (ed.) (2012). Dyslipidemia from Prevention to Treatment: Dyslipidemia and Cardiovascular Disease, 303–320. London: IntechOpen.
- 15Handelsman, Y., Bloomgarden, Z.T., Grunberger, G. et al. (2015). Endocr. Pract. 21: 1–86. doi: 10.4158%2FEP15672.GL.
- 16Hirano, T. (2018). J. Atheroscler. Thromb. 25: 771–782. doi: 10.5551%2Fjat.RV17023.
- 17Verges, B. (2011). In: In Type 1 Diabetes – Complications, Pathogenesis, and Alternative Treatments: Lipid Disorders in Type 1 Diabetes (ed. C. Liu), 45–60. London: IntechOpen.
- 18Dullaart, R.P. (1995). Neth. J. Med. 46: 44–54. doi: 10.1016/0300-2977(94)00048-E.
- 19Weidman, S.W., Ragland, J.B., Fisher, J.N. Jr. et al. (1982). J. Lipid Res. 23: 171–182.
- 20Haffner, S.M., Mykkanen, L., Festa, A. et al. (2000). Circulation 101: 975–980. doi: 10.1161/01.CIR.101.9.975.
- 21Palazhy, S. and Viswanathan, V. (2017). Diabetes Metab. J. 41: 128–134. doi: 10.4093%2Fdmj.2017.41.2.128.
- 22Avramoglu, R.K., Basciano, H., and Adeli, K. (2006). Clin. Chim. Acta 368: 1–19. doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2005.12.026.
- 23Ozder, A. (2014). Lipids Health Dis. 13 (183). doi: 10.1186/1476-511X-13-183.
- 24Taskinen, M.R. (2003). Diabetologia 46: 733–749. doi: 10.1007/s00125-003-1111-y.
- 25Srivastava, S.P., Shi, S., Koya, D., and Kanasaki, K. (2014). Fibrogenesis Tissue Repair 7: 1–10. doi: 10.1186/1755-1536-7-12.
- 26Shen, X., Zhang, Z., Zhang, X. et al. (2016). Lipids Health Dis. 15: 1–11. doi: 10.1186/s12944-016-0350-0.
- 27Molitch, M.E. (2006). Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 1: 1090–1099. doi: 10.2215/CJN.00780306.
- 28Perez-Matos, M.C., Morales-Alvarez, M.C., and Mendivil, C.O. (2017). J. Diabetes Res. 2017: 1–9. doi: 10.1155/2017/6943851.
- 29Sigal, R.J., Armstrong, M.J., Bacon, S.L. et al. (2018). Can. J. Diabetes 42: S54–S63. doi: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2013.01.018.
- 30Rubin, D.J., Rybin, D., Doros, G., and McDonnell, M.E. (2011). Diabetes Care 34 (8): 1723–1728. doi: 10.2337%2Fdc10-2434.
- 31Mogadasian, M.H., Mancini, G.B., and Frohlich, J.J. (2000). Expert Opin. Pharmacother. 1 (4): 683–695. doi: 10.1517/14656566.1.4.683.
- 32Colhoun, H.M., Betteridge, D.J., Durrington, P.N. et al. (2004). Lancet 364 (9435): 685–696. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(04)16895-5.
- 33 Heart Protection Study Collaborative Group (2002). Lancet 360 (9326): 7–22. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)09327-3.
- 34Ridker, P.M., Danielson, E., Fonseca, F.A.H. et al. (2008). N. Engl. J. Med. 359: 2195–2207. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0807646.
- 35Vega, G.L., Ma, P.T., Cater, N.B. et al. (2003). Am. J. Cardiol. 91 (8): 956–960. doi: 10.1016/S0002-9149(03)00111-5.
- 36Davidson, M.H. (2002). Am. J. Cardiol. 90 (108): 50–60. doi: 10.1016/S0002-9149(02)02970-3.
10.1016/S0002‐9149(02)02970‐3 Google Scholar
- 37Davis, T.M., Ting, R., Best, J.D. et al. (2011). Diabetologia 54 (2): 280–290. doi: 10.1007/s00125-010-1951-1.
- 38Vijayaraghavan, K. (2010). Lipids Health Dis. 9: 1–12. doi: 10.1186%2F1476-511X-9-144.
- 39Sievenpiper, J.L., Chan, B.C.B., Dworatzek, P.D. et al. (2018). Canadian J. Diabetes 42: S64–S79. doi: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2017.10.009.
- 40Guadarrama-Lopez, A.L., Valdes-Ramos, R., and Martinez-Carrillo, B.E. (2014). J. Immunol. Res. 2014: 1–13. doi: 10.1155/2014/860703.
- 41Riediger, N.D., Othman, R.A., Suh, M., and Moghadasian, M.H. (2009). J. Amer. Diet Assoc. 109 (4): 668–679. doi: 10.1016/j.jada.2008.12.022.
- 42Andersson, K. (2009). Ph.D. thesis, Lund University, Sweden.
- 43Moghadasian, M.H., Frohlich, J., and McManus, B. (2011). Lab. Invest. 81: 1173–1183.
- 44Hirano, T., Oi, K., and Sakai, S. (1998). Atherosclerosis 141: 77–85.
- 45Hayashi, T., Hirano, T., and Taira, T. (2008). Atherosclerosis 197: 154–158.
- 46Kashiwazaki, K., Hirano, T., and Yoshino, G. (1998). Diabetes Care 21: 2016–2020.
- 47Hirano, T., Furukawa, S., Kurokawa, M. et al. (1995). Kidney Int. 47: 421–431.
- 48Anderson, T.J., Gregoire, J., and Pearson, G.J. (2016). Can. J. Cardiol. 32: 1263–1282. doi: 10.1016/j.cjca.2016.07.510.
- 49Cheng, A.Y. and Lau, D.C. (2013). Can. J. Diabetes 37 (3): 137–138. doi: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2013.04.005.
- 50Sigal, R.J., Kenny, P.G., Wasserman, D.H., and White, R.D. (2006). Diabetes Care 29 (6): 1433–1438. doi: 10.2337/dc06-9910.
- 51 American Diabetes Association (2008). Diabetes Care 31 (Supplement 1): S61–S78. doi: 10.2337/dc08-S061.